Makampani opanga zoseweretsa padziko lonse lapansi akukumana ndi kusintha kwa malamulo achitetezo, ndipo zosintha zazikulu zachitika posachedwapa m'misika ya European Union ndi United States. Kumvetsetsa kusinthaku ndikofunikira kwa opanga ndi ogulitsa kunja omwe cholinga chawo ndi kusunga malamulo ndi chidaliro cha ogula.
Zosintha Zachikhalidwe za EU EN71
Komiti Yoyimira Malamulo ku Ulaya (CEN) yakhazikitsa zosintha zingapo zofunika pa mndandanda wa EN71, zomwe zalimbitsa zofunikira zachitetezo cha zoseweretsa zogulitsidwa m'misika ya EU.
EN 71-2:2020+A1:2025 pa Kutha Kuyaka
Mu June 2025, CEN inafalitsa muyezo wosinthidwa wa EN 71-2:2020+A1:2025 wokhudza kuyaka kwa zoseweretsa. Zosinthazi zikuphatikizapo kusintha kwakukulu:
- Matanthauzo atsopanoza "zoseweretsa zodzikongoletsera," "zoseweretsa zoseweretsa," ndi "masewera a bolodi onunkhira" zomwe zimafotokozera bwino zomwe muyezowo ukuchita.
- Njira zoyesera zolimbikitsidwaza zophimba nkhope ndi nsalu, kuonetsetsa kuti chitetezo chimayang'aniridwa nthawi zonse
- Kupirira kuuma kwa madzi kowonjezerekamu ndondomeko zoyesera kusamba, zomwe zimathandiza kuti pakhale kusinthasintha kosinthika komanso chitetezo
- Malangizo enapoyesa zoopsa za zovala zoseweretsa ndi zoseweretsa zovalidwa pamutu
Muyezo wosinthidwawu ukuyembekezeka kukhala muyezo wadziko lonse m'maiko omwe ali mamembala a CEN pofika Disembala 2025, ndipo miyezo yotsutsana yadziko lonse idzachotsedwa pofika mu Juni 2026.
Njira Zatsopano Zoyesera Chitetezo cha Mankhwala
EU yakhazikitsanso miyezo itatu yatsopano yoyesera kumayambiriro kwa chaka cha 2025:
- EN 71-15:2025: Amayesa formamide mu zipangizo zoseweretsa za thovu
- EN 71-16:2025Mayeso a zinthu zina zoletsa moto za phosphor zomwe zili ndi chlorine (TCEP, TCPP, TDCP)
- EN 71-17:2025: Amafufuza ma isothiazolinones ena (MIT, CIT, BIT) m'zidole zamadzi
Malamulo Oyendetsera Chitetezo cha Zoseweretsa
Poganizira zam'tsogolo, EU yalemba lamulo latsopano la Toy Safety Regulation (TSR) lomwe lidzalowe m'malo mwa Toy Safety Directive (2009/48/EC) yomwe ilipo. Zosintha zazikulu zomwe zikuperekedwa ndi izi:
- Mapasipoti azinthu za digitom'malo mwa zilengezo za EU zokhudzana ndi kutsata malamulo
- Kuwunika bwino chitetezo cha mankhwalakuganizira za kukumana ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana pamodzi
- Malire okhwimapa zinthu zina zoopsa kuphatikizapo zosokoneza dongosolo la endocrine
Zosintha Zachikhalidwe za US ASTM F963-23
Kudutsa nyanja ya Atlantic, United States yakhazikitsa muyezo watsopano wa ASTM F963-23, womwe unayamba kugwira ntchito mu Epulo 2024. Muyezo wofunikira uwu umabweretsa kusintha kofunikira kuchokera ku mtundu wakale:
Zofunikira za Phthalates Zowonjezera
Muyezo wosinthidwa tsopano ukugwira ntchitoMalire a 0.1% a ma phthalates olamulidwaku zoseweretsa zonse za ana osakwana zaka 12, mogwirizana ndi malamulo a CPSC. Ngakhale izi zimapangitsa kuti machitidwe omwe alipo kale akhale ovomerezeka, zikugogomezera kufunika koyesa kwathunthu kwa phthalate m'magulu onse oseweretsa.
Zofunikira Zosinthidwa za Magulu Enaake a Zoseweretsa
- Zoseweretsa zoyendetsedwa ndi batri: Tsopano muyenera kuonetsetsa kuti zomangira zimakhala zomangiriridwa ku mabatire panthawi yoyeserera komanso pambuyo poyesa kugwiritsa ntchito molakwika, ngakhale zoseweretsa za ana opitirira zaka 8
- Zipangizo zokulirapo: Tsopano gawoli likuphatikizapo zoseweretsa zomwe zinthu zotambasuka zimakhala mkati mwa chipolopolo chomwe sichili chaching'ono chomwe ana angasungunule, kutsegula, kapena kuswa
- Zoseweretsa zopanga phokoso: Malire a mawu osinthidwa a zoseweretsa zokankhira/kukoka, ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kololedwa kuchokera pa 85dB kufika pa 94dB
Malangizo Owonjezera Olemba ndi Kuyesa
Muyezo tsopano ukunena momveka bwinoZofunikira pa chizindikiro chotsata cha CPSIA, zomwe zakhala zikuchitika kwa zaka zambiri koma tsopano zakhazikitsidwa mwalamulo. Kuphatikiza apo, zimapereka kusinthasintha kwakukulu poyesa ukhondo wa madzi mwa kulola kugwiritsa ntchito muyezo waposachedwa wa USP<1231> pamodzi ndi USP 35.
Zotsatira zake kwa Opanga Zidole
Kwa opanga zidole ndi ogulitsa kunja, zosintha izi za malamulo zimafuna zochita zingapo zofunika:
- Unikani mapangidwe a zinthumotsutsana ndi zofunikira zatsopano zoyaka moto, makamaka pazinthu zodzikongoletsera ndi zoseweretsa zokhala ndi nsalu
- Chitani kuwunika kokwanira kwa unyolo woperekera zinthukuonetsetsa kuti zipangizo zikutsatira malamulo atsopano okhudza mankhwala
- Sinthani ma protocol oyeserakuphatikiza njira zosinthidwa za makhalidwe akuthupi, makina, ndi mankhwala
- Sungani zolemba mwatsatanetsatanekusonyeza kuti akutsatira miyezo yonse yoyenera
Makampani ayenera kugwira ntchito limodzi ndi ma laboratories ovomerezeka kuti atsimikizire kuti zinthu zawo zikukwaniritsa zofunikira izi zisanakhazikitsidwe mokwanira m'misika yomwe akufuna.
Kumanga Chidaliro Kudzera mu Kutsatira Malamulo
Pamene miyezo ya chitetezo ikusintha, opanga omwe amayesetsa kuthana ndi kusinthaku amasonyeza kudzipereka kwawo ku khalidwe la zinthu komanso chitetezo cha ana. Kudzipereka kumeneku kumalimbitsa mbiri ya kampani komanso chidaliro cha ogula pamsika wa zidole wapadziko lonse lapansi.
Mwa kukhala ndi chidziwitso chokhudza zosintha za malamulo ndi kusunga miyezo yokhwima yachitetezo, mabizinesi azidole sangangotsimikizira kuti akutsatira malamulo komanso angakulitse malo awo pamsika monga opanga odzipereka ku thanzi la ana.
Kuti mudziwe zambiri za momwe kusintha kwa malamulo kumeneku kungakhudzire zinthu zanu, funsani kwa katswiri wodziwa bwino ntchito yoyesa chitetezo cha zoseweretsa kapena katswiri wowongolera.
Nthawi yotumizira: Sep-24-2025
