Mu gihe twegereje umwaka wa 2024, ni ngombwa gusuzuma imikorere y'isoko rya Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika mu bijyanye n'ibitumizwa mu mahanga n'ibyoherezwa mu mahanga. Igice cya mbere cy'umwaka cyagaragayemo ihindagurika rikabije riterwa n'ibintu byinshi birimo politiki y'ubukungu, ibiganiro ku bucuruzi mpuzamahanga, n'ibisabwa ku isoko. Reka turebere hamwe ibisobanuro birambuye kuri izi mpinduka zagize uruhare mu iterambere ry'ibitumizwa mu mahanga n'ibyoherezwa mu mahanga muri Amerika.
Ibicuruzwa byinjizwa muri Amerika byagaragaje ko byiyongeraho ugereranije n’igihe nk’icyo mu 2023, bigaragaza ko hari ukwiyongera k’ibicuruzwa byo mu mahanga imbere mu gihugu. Ibicuruzwa by’ikoranabuhanga, imodoka, n’imiti bikomeje kuza ku isonga mu bicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga, bigaragaza ko hari gukenerwa cyane ibicuruzwa byihariye kandi bifite ikoranabuhanga rihanitse mu bukungu bwa Amerika. Izamuka ry’ifaranga ryagize uruhare runini; bituma ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga bihendutse mu gihe gito mu gihe bishobora kugabanya ubushobozi bw’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa muri Amerika ku masoko mpuzamahanga.
Ku bijyanye no kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga, Amerika yabonye izamuka rishimishije mu byoherezwa mu mahanga mu buhinzi, bigaragaza ubuhanga bw'igihugu nk'ikipe iyoboye ku isi mu musaruro. Ingano, soya, n'ibiribwa byatunganyijwe byoherezwa mu mahanga byariyongereye, bitewe n'ubwiyongere bw'ibikenewe ku masoko yo muri Aziya. Iri zamuka ry'ibyoherezwa mu mahanga mu buhinzi rigaragaza akamaro k'amasezerano y'ubucuruzi n'ubwiza bw'ibikomoka ku buhinzi byo muri Amerika.
Impinduka imwe igaragara mu rwego rwo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga ni ukwiyongera kugaragara kw'ikoranabuhanga ry'ingufu zishobora kongera gukoreshwa mu mahanga. Hamwe n'imbaraga mpuzamahanga zo guhindura imikorere zigana ku masoko y'ingufu arambye, Amerika yishyize mu mwanya w'ingenzi muri uru rwego. Ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba, turbine z'umuyaga, n'ibice by'imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi ni bimwe mu bikoresho byinshi bikoreshwa mu kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga ku buryo bwihuse.
Ariko, si inzego zose zagize ingaruka zingana. Inganda zohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga zahuye n'imbogamizi bitewe n'ihangana ry'ibihugu bifite ikiguzi gito cy'abakozi n'amahame meza y'ubucuruzi. Byongeye kandi, ingaruka zikomeje guteshwa agaciro k'uruhererekane rw'ibicuruzwa ku isi zagize ingaruka ku buryo ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga bihoraho kandi ku gihe.
Icyuho mu bucuruzi, gihangayikishije abahanga mu by'ubukungu n'abashyiraho politiki, gikomeje gukurikiranirwa hafi. Nubwo ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga byariyongereye, ubwiyongere bw'ibitumizwa mu mahanga bwarenze uku kwiyongera, binagira uruhare mu igabanuka ry'ubucuruzi. Gukemura iki kibazo bizasaba gufata ibyemezo bya politiki bigamije kuzamura inganda zo mu gihugu n'izoherezwa mu mahanga mu gihe hashyirwaho amasezerano y'ubucuruzi aboneye.
Mu kureba imbere, ibyateganyijwe mu gihe gisigaye cy’umwaka bigaragaza ko hazakomeza kwibandwa ku gukwirakwiza amasoko yo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga no kugabanya kwishingikiriza ku mufatanyabikorwa umwe mu bucuruzi cyangwa icyiciro cy’ibicuruzwa. Ibikorwa byo kunoza imiyoboro y’ibicuruzwa no kongera ubushobozi bw’umusaruro w’imbere mu gihugu byitezwe ko bizarushaho gutera imbere, bitewe n’ibikenewe ku isoko ndetse n’ingamba z’ingenzi z’igihugu.
Mu gusoza, igice cya mbere cya 2024 cyateguye umwaka uhinduka kandi ugizwe n'ibintu byinshi ku bikorwa byo gutumiza no kohereza ibicuruzwa muri Amerika. Uko amasoko mpuzamahanga agenda ahinduka n'amahirwe mashya agaragara, Amerika yiteguye kubyaza umusaruro imbaraga zayo mu gukemura ibibazo biri imbere. Hagati y'ihindagurika ry'ikirere, hari ikintu kimwe kigikomeje kugaragara: ubushobozi bw'isoko rya Amerika bwo guhinduka no guhinduka bizaba ingenzi mu gukomeza kuzamuka ku rwego rw'ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-08-2024
