Itandukaniro riri hagati y’ingamba nziza zo kohereza ibikinisho mu mahanga no gutinda bihenze akenshi riterwa no gusobanukirwa urusobe rw’amategeko mpuzamahanga.
Ku bakora ibikinisho n'abohereza hanze, kunyura mu buryo bugoye bw'ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga byarushijeho kuba ingorabahizi bitewe n'impinduka ziherutse kugaragara mu mategeko ku masoko akomeye. Kuva ku mahame mashya y'umutekano kugeza ku miterere y'imisoro ivuguruye, izi mpinduka zigira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku byemezo byo gushakisha amasoko, igenamigambi ry'ibikoresho, n'ingamba zo kwinjira ku isoko. Iyi nyandiko yuzuye itanga amakuru mashya yo mu 2025 kugira ngo ifashe ubucuruzi kunyura mu buryo buhora buhinduka ku isi mu bucuruzi bw'ibikinisho.
Incamake y'Isoko ry'ingenzi: Impinduka mu misoro n'amabwiriza
Isoko rya Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika
Amerika ikomeje kuba isoko rinini ry'ibikinisho ku isi, ariko ifite amahame y'ingenzi ajyanye n'amategeko:
- Imiterere y'imisoro: Nubwo imisoro fatizo ku bikinisho ari 0%, imisoro y'inyongera irimo 20%Igiciro cy'amafaranga ajyanye na Fentanylna 10%imisoro ishingiye ku misorokuzana igiciro gifatika kuri30%ku bikinisho bikomoka mu Bushinwa.
- Iyubahirizwa ry'Umutekano: Ibikinisho bigomba kubahirizaASTM F963-23amahame ngenderwaho, verisiyo ivuguruye itangira gukurikizwa kuva muri Mata 2024. Ibisabwa by'ingenzi birimo:
- Ibirango byo gukurikirana CPSIAirimo izina ry'uwatumije ibicuruzwa mu mahanga, aho uruganda rukorera, itariki, na nimero y'itsinda
Icyemezo cy'ibicuruzwa by'abana (CPC)kwerekana ko bikurikije amategeko
Isuzuma ry'umubiri n'iry'imashinigukemura ibibazo byo kubyimba no kubura ibitotsi
-Ibitekerezo byihariye: CaliforniyaIgitekerezo cya 65bisaba ibirango by'umuburo ku bicuruzwa birimo imiti izwiho gutera kanseri cyangwa kwangiza imyororokere.
Isoko ry'Umuryango w'Ubumwe bw'u Burayi
Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’Uburayi ukomeje gushyiraho amabwiriza akaze agenga umutekano w’ibikinisho, hamwe n’amakuru aherutse kuvugururwa:
- Gahunda y'umutekano: ItsindaAmabwiriza agenga umutekano w'ibikinisho (2009/48/EC)amabwirizaIkimenyetso cya CEno kubahiriza amategekoIbipimo ngenderwaho bya EN 71Amakuru mashya aherutse kuvugururwa arimo:
EN 71-15:2025formamide mu bikoresho bya foam
EN 71-16:2025ku bintu bigabanya umuriro bya fosforu irimo chlorine
EN 71-17:2025ku birebana na isothiazolinones mu bikoresho by'amazi
- Iterambere rya Gasutamo: Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’Uburayi watanze igitekerezo cyo gukurahoUmupaka ntarengwa wa €150ku bicuruzwa byoherezwa mu bucuruzi bwa elegitoroniki bitari iby’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’Uburayi, byagira ingaruka ku bicuruzwa by’ibikinisho byoherezwa mu mahanga bitaziguye bijya ku baguzi.
- Ibisabwa mu bijyanye no kwakira abantu: Kuva muri Nzeri 2025, EU yashyizeho uburyo bwo kugenzura ibicuruzwa bivanwa mu mahanga cyane, hamweibisobanuro by'ibicuruzwa bituzuyebishobora gutuma banze kwinjira cyangwa bagacibwa amande menshi.
Amasoko yo mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bwa Aziya
Aziya y'Amajyepfo y'Uburasirazuba itanga amahirwe yo gukura hamwe n'ibisabwa byihariye mu karere:
Imbonerahamwe: Ibisabwa ku cyemezo cy'ibikinisho bya Aziya y'Amajyepfo y'Uburasirazuba
| Igihugu | Icyemezo gitegetswe | Ibisabwa mu isuzuma ryihariye | Igihe cyo Gutunganya |
| Tayilande | Icyemezo cya TISI | Isuzuma ry’uko umuriro ushobora gushya (ISO 8124-2) | Ibyumweru 6-8 |
| Maleziya | Icyemezo cya SIRIM | Kwimuka kw'ibyuma biremereye (EN71-3) | Ibyumweru 4-6 |
| Vietnam | QCVN 09:2020 | Formaldehyde (≤30mg/kg ku bikinisho by'imyenda) | Ibyumweru 8-12 |
| Indoneziya | Icyemezo cya SNI | Phthalates (isuzuma rya BPOM) | Ibyumweru 10-15 |
Iyubahirizwa ry'ibicuruzwa n'amategeko agenga gasutamo
Inyandiko zo kohereza
Inyandiko zikwiye ni zo shingiro ry'ibyohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga byatsinze:
- Inyandiko z'ingenzi: Inyemezabuguzi y'ubucuruzi, urutonde rw'ibipakiye, inyemezabwishyu y'imizigo, n'icyemezo cy'aho ikomoka
- Ibisobanuro by'ibicuruzwa: FedEx yashyize mu bikorwa ibisabwa bikomeye kuva muri Kanama 2025, itegekaibisobanuro birambuyeaho gukoresha amagambo rusange nka "ibikinisho"
- Imanza zihariyeIbikinisho by'amashanyarazi bisaba imbonerahamwe y'uruziga, mu gihe ibikinisho byemewe na leta bisabaamabaruwa yo kwemerera uburenganzira bwo kugurisha
Ingamba zo gutwara ibintu
Uburyo butandukanye bwo kohereza bupima ikiguzi, umuvuduko, n'ingaruka:
- Umutwaro wuzuye w'ibikoresho (FCL): Igura $2,200-3,500 kuri kontineri 20GP zifite igihe cyo gutwara abantu mu minsi 15-20
-Umutwaro uri munsi y'ibicuruzwa biri mu gikoresho (LCL): $800-1.200 ku bicuruzwa biri munsi ya toni 2, hamwe n'igihe cyo gutwara mu minsi 18-25 ariko ibyago byo kwangirika biri hejuru (birenga 35%)
-Kohereza mu buryo bwihutirwa: Gari ya moshi ihuza Ubushinwa na Laos hamwe n'amakamyo atanga ingendo z'iminsi 7-10 ku giciro cya $4.5/kg
Ingamba zifatika zo kohereza mu mahanga
Gutegura icyemezo
- Isuzumabumenyi risanzwe: Koresha laboratwari hamwe naKwemererwa na CPSC, CNAS, na UKASkugerageza icyarimwe amasoko menshi
- Gucunga igihe cy'ubuyobozi: Kora raporo y'igihe cyo gutunganya ibyemezo, cyane cyane ku masoko nka Indoneziya afiteIbyumweru 10-15 byo gutanga icyemezo cya SNI
Kugabanya ibyago
- Ubwishingizi: ShakaUbwishingizi bw'ibyago byoseku gipimo cy’ingenzi cya 0.15% kugira ngo hishyurwe ihungabana ry’intambara n’imyigaragambyo
- Ibigega by'Ingoboka byihutirwa bya Gasutamo: Gushyiraho amafaranga mbere y'igihe ku birebana n'ibirarane bishobora kubaho, nkoAmafaranga yo kwishyurwa ku munsi ya $85mu cyambu cya Manila
Uburyo bwo kwinjira mu isoko
- Tangira n'amasoko ahamyeTangira na Tayilande cyangwa Maleziya bifite politiki ihamye
- Guhuza ubucuruzi bushingiye kuri interineti: Koresha urubuga nkaShopee na Lazadaku igeragezwa ry'isoko, hibandwa ku bisabwa mu ndimi zo mu gace
Icyerekezo cy'ejo hazaza n'inama z'ingamba
Imiterere y'ubucuruzi bw'ibikinisho ku isi ikomeje gutera imbere, aho hari ibintu byinshi bishobora kugira ingaruka ku bohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga:
- Kongera Igenzura ry'Ubucuruzi bwa E-commerce: Nyuma y'icyitegererezo cya Vietnam na Megizike, ibihugu byinshi bishobora gushyira mu bikorwaIbisabwa mu gukusanya umusoro ku nyongeragaciroku bucuruzi bwa elegitoroniki bukorerwa mu bihugu bitandukanye
- Kwagura Amategeko agenga imiti: Tegereza andi mategeko ku bintu nkaBPA na phthalateamasoko yose
- Igenzura ry'inkomoko: Kongera ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryaamategeko agenga ihererekanyabubashank'uko bigaragara mu masezerano y'ubucuruzi hagati ya Amerika na Vietnam ashyiraho40% by'umusoro ku bicuruzwa byajyanywe mu mahanga
Ku bashora imari mu mahanga, intsinzi muri 2025 na nyuma yayo isabagucunga iyubahirizwa ry'amategeko mbere yo kuyakurikiza,ingamba zitandukanye z'isoko, naubufatanye bukomeyehamwe n'abatanga serivisi z'ibijyanye n'itumanaho bazi neza ibisabwa mu rwego runaka. Mu kumenya neza ibi bintu, ubucuruzi bushobora guhindura uburyo bwo kugenzura ibintu mu nyungu zo guhangana.
Kugira ngo ubone ubuyobozi bwihariye ku ngamba zawe zo kohereza ibikinisho mu mahanga cyangwa kugira ngo uganire ku buryo aya mabwiriza akurikizwa ku bwoko bw'ibicuruzwa byawe, gisha inama impuguke mu kubahiriza amategeko y'ubucuruzi cyangwa abahuza ba gasutamo b'inzobere mu kohereza ibikinisho.
Igihe cyo kohereza: 26 Nzeri 2025
