Inganda z’ibikinisho ku isi, isoko rikomeye ririmo ibyiciro byinshi by’ibicuruzwa kuva ku bipupe gakondo n’ibikorwa kugeza ku bikinisho by’ikoranabuhanga bigezweho, byagiye bihura n’impinduka zikomeye mu mikorere yabyo yo gutumiza no kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga. Imikorere y’uru rwego ikunze kuba igipimo cy’icyizere cy’abaguzi ku isi n’ubuzima bwiza bw’ubukungu, bigatuma imiterere y’ubucuruzi bwayo iba ingingo ishishikaje cyane ku bakora mu nganda, abahanga mu by’ubukungu, n’abashyiraho amategeko. Hano, turasuzuma imigendekere mishya y’ibikinisho bitumizwa mu mahanga n’ibyoherezwa mu mahanga, tugaragaza imbaraga z’isoko ririmo n’ingaruka ku bucuruzi bukorera muri uru rwego.
Mu myaka ya vuba aha, ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga bwarushijeho kwiyongera bitewe n’urusobe rw’ibikoresho rugoye rukorera ku isi. Ibihugu byo muri Aziya, cyane cyane Ubushinwa, byakomeje kuba ihuriro ry’inganda zikora ibikinisho, aho ubushobozi bwabyo bwinshi bwo kubitunganya butuma habaho ubukungu butuma ibiciro bigabanuka. Ariko, hari abakinnyi bashya barimo kuzamuka, bashaka kubyaza umusaruro inyungu z’ubutaka, ikiguzi gito cy’abakozi, cyangwa ubumenyi bwihariye butanga amasoko yihariye mu rwego rw’ibikinisho.
Urugero, Vietnam imaze gutera imbere nk'igihugu gitunganya ibikinisho, bitewe na politiki ya leta igamije gukurura ishoramari ry'abanyamahanga n'aho riherereye mu rwego rworoshye gukwirakwiza ibikinisho muri Aziya no hanze yayo. Abakora ibikinisho by'Abahinde, bakoresheje isoko rinini ry'imbere mu gihugu no kunoza ubumenyi, nabo batangiye kugaragara ku rwego rw'isi, cyane cyane mu bice nk'ibikinisho by'intoki n'iby'uburezi.
Ku ruhande rw’ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga, amasoko yateye imbere nka Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, Uburayi n’Ubuyapani akomeje kuba menshi mu gutumiza ibikinisho, bitewe n’abaguzi basaba cyane ibicuruzwa bishya ndetse no gushyira imbaraga mu buziranenge n’umutekano. Ubukungu bukomeye bw’aya masoko butuma abaguzi babona amafaranga yo gukoresha ku bintu bitari ngombwa nk’ibikinisho, ibi bikaba ari ikimenyetso cyiza ku bakora ibikinisho bashaka kohereza ibicuruzwa byabo mu mahanga.
Ariko, inganda z'ibikinisho nazo zirimo imbogamizi. Ibibazo nk'amategeko akaze y'umutekano, ibiciro byo gutwara ibintu byinshi bitewe n'ihindagurika ry'ibiciro bya lisansi, n'ingaruka z'imisoro n'intambara z'ubucuruzi bishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku nyungu z'ibigo bikora mu gutumiza no kohereza ibikinisho mu mahanga. Byongeye kandi, icyorezo cya COVID-19 cyagaragaje intege nke mu ngamba zo gutanga ibicuruzwa ku gihe, bituma amasosiyete yongera gutekereza ku byo yishingikirizaho ku batanga ibicuruzwa biturutse ahantu hamwe no gushakisha uburyo butandukanye bwo gutanga ibicuruzwa.
Ikoranabuhanga rya digitale ryagize uruhare mu guhindura imiterere y’ubucuruzi bw’ibikinisho. Uburyo bwo gucuruza hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga bwatanze inzira ku bigo bito n’ibiciriritse (SMEs) zo kwinjira ku isoko mpuzamahanga, bigabanya inzitizi zo kwinjira no gutuma ibicuruzwa bigurishwa mu buryo butaziguye. Iyi mpinduka igana ku kugurisha kuri interineti yihuta mu gihe cy’icyorezo, aho imiryango imara igihe kinini mu ngo ishaka uburyo bwo gushimisha no gushimisha abana bayo. Kubera iyo mpamvu, habayeho kwiyongera k’ubwiyongere bw’abakeneye ibikinisho by’uburezi, amashusho, n’ibindi bikoresho by’imyidagaduro byo mu rugo.
Byongeye kandi, kwiyongera k’ubuhanga mu kubungabunga ibidukikije mu baguzi byatumye amasosiyete y’ibikinisho akoresha uburyo burambye. Umubare munini w’ibigo by’imikino y’imikino yiyemeje gukoresha ibikoresho bishobora kongera gukoreshwa cyangwa kugabanya imyanda yo gupakira, bisubiza impungenge z’ababyeyi ku ngaruka z’ibicuruzwa bazana mu ngo zabo ku bidukikije. Izi mpinduka ntizungura ibidukikije gusa ahubwo zinafungura amasoko mashya ku bakora ibikinisho bashobora kwamamaza ibicuruzwa byabo nk’ibidahungabanya ibidukikije.
Mu gihe kiri imbere, ubucuruzi bw'ibikinisho ku isi bwiteguye gukomeza gutera imbere ariko bugomba kunyura mu buryo bugoye mu bucuruzi mpuzamahanga. Ibigo bizakenera kumenyera ibyo abaguzi bakunda, gushora imari mu guhanga udushya kugira ngo bitegure ibicuruzwa bishya bikurura ibitekerezo n'ibishishikaje, kandi bikomeze kuba maso ku mpinduka mu mategeko zishobora kugira ingaruka ku bikorwa byabyo ku isi.
Mu gusoza, imiterere y’ubucuruzi bw’ibikinisho ku isi itanga amahirwe n’imbogamizi. Nubwo inganda zo muri Aziya zigikomeye ku musaruro, utundi turere turimo kugaragara nk'amahitamo meza. Ubushake budashira bw’amasoko yateye imbere bw’ibikinisho bishya bukomeje gutuma umubare w’ibigo bitumizwa mu mahanga ukomeza kwiyongera, ariko ubucuruzi bugomba guhangana n’amategeko agenga iyubahirizwa ry’amategeko, kubungabunga ibidukikije, no guhangana n’ipiganwa mu ikoranabuhanga. Mu gukomeza kwihuta no kwita kuri iyi miterere, ibigo by’abahanga mu bikinisho bishobora gutera imbere muri iri soko ry’isi rihora rihinduka.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kamena-13-2024
