Inganda z'ibikinisho, urwego ruzwiho udushya n'ubuhanga, zihanganye n'amabwiriza n'amahame bihamye mu kohereza ibicuruzwa muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika. Kubera ko hari ibisabwa bikomeye bigamije kurinda umutekano n'ubwiza bw'ibikinisho, abakora bashaka kwinjira muri iri soko ryunguka bagomba kuba bazi neza ibisabwa n'ibyemezo. Iyi ngingo igamije kuyobora abacuruzi mu buryo bw'ingenzi n'amabwiriza agomba kubahirizwa kugira ngo bohereze neza ibikinisho muri Amerika.
Ku isonga muri ibi bisabwa ni ugukurikiza amabwiriza ya Komisiyo ishinzwe umutekano w’ibicuruzwa by’abaguzi (CPSC). CPSC ni ikigo cya leta gishinzwe kurinda abaturage ibyago bidasanzwe byo gukomereka cyangwa gupfa bitewe n’ibicuruzwa by’abaguzi. Ku bikinisho, bivuze kubahiriza amahame akomeye yo gupima no gushyira ibirango nk’uko bivugwa mu Itegeko rigenga umutekano w’ibicuruzwa by’abaguzi.
Imwe mu ngingo z'ingenzi ni ukugabanya ingano ya phthalate, igabanya ikoreshwa ry'imiti imwe n'imwe mu bikoresho bya pulasitiki kugira ngo birinde abana ingaruka mbi ku buzima. Byongeye kandi, ibikinisho ntibigomba kuba birimo urugero rw'ubutare, kandi bigomba gupimwa neza kugira ngo bigenzure neza ko byujuje ibi bisabwa.
Uretse umutekano w’ibinyabutabire, ibikinisho byagenewe isoko rya Amerika bigomba kandi kubahiriza amahame akomeye y’umutekano w’umubiri n’uw’imashini. Ibi birimo kwemeza ko ibikinisho byagenewe gukumira impanuka nko kubyimba, gushwanyagurika, imvune, n’ibindi. Abakora ibikinisho bagomba kwerekana ko ibicuruzwa byabo bikorerwa isuzuma rikomeye muri laboratwari zemewe kugira ngo byuzuze aya mahame.
Ikindi kintu cy'ingenzi gisabwa abatumiza ibikinisho muri Amerika ni ugukurikiza amabwiriza agenga igihugu bakomokamo (COOL). Aya mategeko ateganya ko
Ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga bigaragaza igihugu byaturutsemo ku ipaki cyangwa ibicuruzwa ubwabyo, bitanga ubwisanzure ku baguzi ku bijyanye n'aho ibyo bagura bikorerwa.
Byongeye kandi, hari itegeko ryo gutanga umuburo ku mutekano w'umwana, rimenyesha ababyeyi n'abarera abana ingaruka zishobora guterwa n'icyo gikinisho kandi rigatanga ibimenyetso by'imyaka. Urugero, ibikinisho bigenewe abana bari munsi y'imyaka itatu bigomba kuba bifite ikimenyetso cy'umuburo niba hari ibice bito cyangwa ibindi bibazo by'umutekano.
Kugira ngo byorohereze kwinjira kw'ibikinisho muri Amerika, abatumiza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga bagomba kubona icyemezo cya Generalized System of Preferences (GSP), cyemerera ibicuruzwa bimwe na bimwe biva mu bihugu byujuje ibisabwa kwinjira muri Amerika nta misoro. Iyi gahunda igamije guteza imbere iterambere ry'ubukungu mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere, ariko kandi hakanitabwaho ko ibicuruzwa byujuje ibisabwa byihariye, harimo n'ibipimo ngenderwaho by'ibidukikije n'iby'umurimo.
Bitewe n'ubwoko bw'igikinisho, hashobora kuba hakenewe ibindi byangombwa. Urugero, ibikinisho by'ikoranabuhanga bigomba kubahiriza amabwiriza ya Komisiyo Ishinzwe Itumanaho (FCC) kugira ngo byemezwe ko amashanyarazi ahuye neza n'ibipimo byo kubangamira umurongo wa radiyo. Ibikinisho bikoresha bateri bigomba kubahiriza amabwiriza yashyizweho n'Ikigo gishinzwe kurengera ibidukikije cya Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika yerekeye ikoreshwa rya bateri n'ingano ya mercure.
Ku bijyanye n'amategeko, ibikinisho byoherezwa muri Amerika nabyo bigomba kugenzurwa n'ikigo gishinzwe kurengera imisoro n'imipaka muri Amerika (CBP). Iyi gahunda ikubiyemo kugenzura ko ibicuruzwa byinjira mu gihugu byujuje amategeko n'amabwiriza yose akurikizwa, harimo n'ajyanye n'umutekano, inganda, n'ibirango.
Ku bijyanye no kugenzura ubuziranenge, kubona icyemezo cya ISO 9001, gihamya ubushobozi bw'ikigo bwo gutanga ibicuruzwa byujuje ibisabwa n'abakiriya n'amategeko, ni ingirakamaro cyane. Nubwo atari ngombwa buri gihe kohereza ibikinisho mu mahanga, iri hame ryemewe ku rwego mpuzamahanga rigaragaza ubwitange ku bwiza kandi rishobora kuba isoko ry'ingufu ku isoko.
Ku bigo bishya byo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga, iyi gahunda ishobora kugaragara nk'igoye. Ariko, hari uburyo bwinshi bwo gufasha abakora ibicuruzwa mu gukurikirana ibi bisabwa. Amashyirahamwe y'ubucuruzi nka Toy Association n'ibigo by'ubujyanama atanga ubuyobozi ku bijyanye no kubahiriza amategeko, amabwiriza yo gupima, n'inzira zo kwemeza.
Mu gusoza, kohereza ibikinisho muri Amerika ni igikorwa giteganywa cyane gisaba gutegura cyane no kubahiriza amahame menshi. Kuva ku kubahiriza amategeko ya CPSC n'amabwiriza ya COOL kugeza ku byangombwa bya GSP n'ibindi, abakora ibikinisho bagomba kunyura mu buryo bugoye kugira ngo barebe ko ibicuruzwa byabo byemewe n'amategeko byinjira ku isoko. Mu gusobanukirwa no gushyira mu bikorwa ibi bisabwa, amasosiyete ashobora kwishyira mu mwanya mwiza ku isoko ry'ibikinisho byo muri Amerika rihanganye kandi risaba imbaraga nyinshi.
Uko ubucuruzi ku isi bukomeza gutera imbere, ni ko n'amahame abuyobora agenda atera imbere. Ku bakora ibikinisho, gukomeza kumenya izi mpinduka si itegeko gusa ahubwo ni ingenzi mu kubaka icyizere hagati y'abaguzi b'Abanyamerika no kurinda umutekano w'abazavuka mu gihe kizaza.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nyakanga-11-2024
