Inganda z’ibikinisho ku isi zihanganye n’imiterere y’amategeko agenga umutekano, aho amakuru mashya aherutse gushyirwa mu bikorwa ku masoko y’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi no muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika. Gusobanukirwa izi mpinduka ni ingenzi ku bakora ibikoresho n’abohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga bagamije gukomeza kubahiriza amategeko no kwizerana n’abaguzi.
Amakuru Asanzwe ya EU EN71
Komite y’Uburayi ishinzwe Ubuziranenge (CEN) yashyizeho ivugurura ry’ingenzi ry’uruhererekane rwa EN71, ishimangira ibisabwa mu mutekano ku bikinisho bigurishwa ku masoko y’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi.
EN 71-2:2020+A1:2025 ku bijyanye n'ubushyuhe
Muri Kamena 2025, CEN yasohoye amahame yavuguruwe ya EN 71-2:2020+A1:2025 yerekeye ubushobozi bwo gutwika igikinisho. Iri vugurura rikubiyemo impinduka nyinshi z'ingenzi:
- Ibisobanuro bishyaku "bikinisho byo kwisiga," "ibikinisho byo gukiniraho uburyohe," n'"imikino yo ku kibaho isobanura neza urwego rw'ibipimo ngenderwaho
- Uburyo bwo gupima bunozeku mapfukamunwa n'imyenda, bigamije kwemeza ko hakorwa isuzuma ry'umutekano mu buryo buhoraho.
- Ukwihanganira ubukana bw'amazi byagutsemu mabwiriza yo gupima amazi, bigatuma habaho uburyo bworoshye bwo kubahiriza amategeko mu gihe habungabungwa umutekano
- Ubuyobozi bw'inyongerakugira ngo hamenyekane ingaruka z'imyambarire y'ibikinisho n'ibikinisho byambaye ku mutwe
Iri hame rivuguruye riteganijwe kuba ihame ry’igihugu mu bihugu bigize CEN bitarenze Ukuboza 2025, aho amahame y’igihugu anyuranye azakurwaho bitarenze Kamena 2026.
Uburyo bushya bwo gupima umutekano w'ibinyabutabire
Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’Uburayi washyizeho kandi amabwiriza atatu mashya y’uburyo bwo gupima mu ntangiriro za 2025:
- EN 71-15:2025: Ipima formamide mu bikoresho by'igikinisho bya foam
- EN 71-16:2025: Ibizamini bya bimwe mu bintu bigabanya umuriro bya fosforasi ifite chlorine (TCEP, TCPP, TDCP)
- EN 71-17:2025: Isuzuma isothiazolinones zimwe na zimwe (MIT, CIT, BIT) mu bikoresho by'amazi
Amabwiriza y'umutekano w'ibikinisho ateganyijwe
Mu gihe kiri imbere, EU yateguye Itegeko rishya rigenga umutekano w’ibikinisho (TSR) rizasimbura amabwiriza asanzwe agenga umutekano w’ibikinisho (2009/48/EC). Impinduka z’ingenzi zitangwa zirimo:
- Pasiporo z'ibicuruzwa by'ikoranabuhangagusimbura ibyatangajwe n'Umuryango w'Ubumwe bw'u Burayi ku bijyanye no kubahiriza amategeko
- Isuzumabumenyi ry’umutekano w’ibinyabutabire ryarushijeho kwiyongerautekereza ku guhura n'ibintu byinshi hamwe
- Imipaka ikarishyeku bindi bintu biteje akaga birimo n'ibintu bihungabanya imisemburo y'amaraso
Amakuru agezweho ya ASTM F963-23 yo muri Amerika
Hirya no hino mu nyanja ya Atalantika, Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika zashyize mu bikorwa amahame ya ASTM F963-23 avuguruye, yatangiye gukurikizwa muri Mata 2024. Aya mahame asabwa atanga impinduka nyinshi z'ingenzi ugereranyije n'izabanje:
Ibisabwa bya Phthalates byagutse
Amabwiriza avuguruye ubu akoreshwa kuri0.1% ntarengwa kuri phthalate zigenzurwaku bikinisho byose by’abana bari munsi y’imyaka 12, bihuye n’amabwiriza ya CPSC. Nubwo ibi byemeza ko imikorere isanzweho, bishimangira akamaro ko gupima phthalate mu byiciro byose by’ibikinisho.
Ibisabwa byahinduwe ku byiciro byihariye by'ibikinisho
- Ibikinisho bikoresha batiri: Ubu agomba kugenzura neza ko ibifunga biguma bifatanye n'ibikoresho bya bateri mu gihe cyo gupima ikoreshwa nabi na nyuma yabyo, ndetse no ku bikinisho byagenewe abana barengeje imyaka 8.
- Ibikoresho bishobora kwaguka: Ubu noneho iyi porogaramu irimo ibikinisho aho ibikoresho bishobora kwaguka biri mu gikonoshwa kitari gito abana bashobora gushonga, gufungura, cyangwa kumenagura
- Ibikinisho bitera urusaku: Ingano y'urusaku yavuguruwe ku bikinisho byo gusunika/gukurura, yongera umubare ntarengwa wemewe kuva kuri 85dB ukagera kuri 94dB
Ingingo zo kunoza uburyo bwo gushyira ibimenyetso no gupima
Igipimo gisanzwe ubu kivuga ku buryo bweruyeIbisabwa ku rutonde rw'ibirango bya CPSIA, byari bisanzwe mu myaka myinshi ariko ubu byemewe. Byongeye kandi, bitanga ubworoherane mu gusuzuma isuku y'amazi binyuze mu kwemerera gukoresha ibipimo ngenderwaho bigezweho bya USP<1231> hamwe na USP 35.
Ingaruka ku bakora ibikinisho
Ku bakora ibikinisho n'abohereza hanze, aya mavugurura agenga amategeko asaba ibikorwa byinshi by'ingenzi:
- Suzuma imiterere y'ibicuruzwabinyuranyije n'ibisabwa bishya byo gutwika, cyane cyane ku bikoresho by'imyambarire n'ibikinisho birimo imyenda
- Gukora isuzuma ryimbitse ry'uruhererekane rw'ibicuruzwakugira ngo ibikoresho bikurikize amabwiriza avuguruye y’imiti
- Kuvugurura amabwiriza yo gupimagushyiramo uburyo buvuguruye bwo kugena imiterere y'umubiri, iy'imashini, n'iy'imiti
- Kubika inyandiko zirambuyekugaragaza ko iyubahirizwa ry'amahame yose akurikizwa
Ibigo bigomba gukorana bya hafi na laboratwari zemewe zo gupima kugira ngo birebe ko ibicuruzwa byabyo byujuje ibisabwa bivuguruye mbere yuko biba itegeko ku masoko yabyo.
Kubaka icyizere binyuze mu kubahiriza amategeko
Uko amahame y’umutekano atera imbere, abakora ibi bikorwa bagaragaza ko biteguye ku ireme ry’ibicuruzwa no ku mutekano w’abana. Ibi bishimangira izina ry’ikirango ndetse n’icyizere cy’abaguzi ku isoko ry’ibikinisho ku isi rihanganye.
Mu gukomeza kumenya amakuru ajyanye n’amabwiriza avuguruye no gukomeza amahame agenga umutekano, abacuruzi b’ibikinisho ntibashobora kwemeza gusa ko byubahirije amategeko ahubwo banazamura umwanya wabo ku isoko nk’inganda zifite inshingano zishinzwe imibereho myiza y’abana.
Kugira ngo ubone amakuru arambuye ku buryo izi mpinduka mu mategeko zishobora kugira ingaruka ku bicuruzwa byawe byihariye, gisha inama ikigo gishinzwe gupima umutekano w'ibikinisho cyangwa impuguke mu by'amategeko.
Igihe cyo kohereza: 24 Nzeri 2025
