Indasitiri yepasi rose yematoyi yakatarisana nemamiriro ezvinhu ari kuchinja emitemo yekuchengetedza, nekuvandudzwa kwakakosha kwakaitwa munguva pfupi yapfuura mumisika yeEuropean Union neUnited States. Kunzwisisa shanduko idzi kwakakosha kune vagadziri nevatengesi vanotumira kunze kwenyika vachivavarira kuchengetedza kutevedzera mitemo uye kuvimba nevatengi.
Zvigadziriso zveEU EN71
Komiti yeEuropean Committee for Standardization (CEN) yakaunza shanduko dzinoverengeka dzakakosha kune EN71 series, ichisimbisa zvinodiwa zvekuchengetedza matoyi anotengeswa mumisika yeEU.
EN 71-2:2020+A1:2025 pamusoro peKubvira
Muna Chikumi 2025, CEN yakaburitsa mwero weEN 71-2:2020+A1:2025 wakagadziridzwa maererano nekubvira kwemoto kwematoyi. Iyi gadziridzo inosanganisira shanduko dzakawanda dzakakosha:
- Tsanangudzo itsvaye "matoyi ezvizoro," "matoyi ekutamba anonaka," uye "mitambo yebhodhi inonhuhwirira" iyo inojekesa chinangwa chechiyero.
- Nzira dzakavandudzwa dzekuyedzazvemasiki nemachira, zvichiita kuti kuongororwa kwakachengeteka kuenderane
- Kushivirira kuomarara kwemvura kwakawedzerwamumitemo yekuedza kugeza, zvichibvumira kutevedzera mitemo iri nyore uye ichichengetedza kuchengetedzeka
- Mamwe mazanokuti vaongorore njodzi dzezvipfeko zvematoyi nematoyi akapfekwa mumusoro
Mutemo uyu wakagadziridzwa wakarongerwa kuve mutemo wenyika munyika dziri nhengo dzeCEN panosvika Zvita 2025, uye mitemo yenyika inopesana ichabviswa panosvika Chikumi 2026.
Nzira Itsva Dzekuyedza Dzekuchengetedza Makemikari
EU yakaunzawo mitemo mitatu mitsva yekuedza pakutanga kwegore ra2025:
- EN 71-15:2025: Inoyera formamide muzvinhu zvematoyi efuro
- EN 71-16:2025: Kuedzwa kwezvimwe zvinoderedza moto zve phosphor zvine chlorine (TCEP, TCPP, TDCP)
- EN 71-17:2025: Inoongorora mamwe ma isothiazolinones (MIT, CIT, BIT) muzvinhu zvematoyi emvura
Mutemo Wekuchengetedza Matoyi Wakarongwa
Tichitarisa mberi, EU yakanyora Mutemo mutsva weKuchengetedza Matoyi (TSR) uchatsiva Mutemo weKuchengetedza Matoyi (2009/48/EC) uripo iye zvino. Shanduko huru dzakakurudzirwa dzinosanganisira:
- Mapasipoti ezvigadzirwa zvedhijitarikutsiva kuzivisa kweEU kwekutevedzera
- Kuongororwa kwakawedzerwa kwekuchengetedzwa kwemakemikaritichifunga nezvekusangana nezvinhu zvakawanda pamwe chete
- Miganhu yakaomapane zvimwe zvinhu zvine njodzi zvinosanganisira zvinokanganisa endocrine
Zvigadziriso zveUS ASTM F963-23 Zvakajairika
Mhiri kweAtlantic, United States yakashandisa mwero weASTM F963-23 wakagadziridzwa, uyo wakatanga kushanda muna Kubvumbi 2024. Mwero uyu unosungirwa kuunza shanduko dzinoverengeka dzakakosha kubva mushanduro yapfuura:
Zvinodiwa zvePhthalates Zvakawedzerwa
Mutemo wakagadziridzwa ikozvino unoshandaMuganho we0.1% we phthalates dzakadzorwakune matoyi ese evana vari pasi pemakore gumi nemaviri, zvichienderana nemitemo yeCPSC. Kunyange zvazvo izvi zvichiita kuti tsika iripo ive yepamutemo, zvinosimbisa kukosha kwekuongororwa kwakazara kwephthalate mumapoka ese ematoyi.
Zvinodiwa Zvakagadziriswa zveMapoka Ematoyi Akananga
- Matoyi anoshandiswa nemabhatiri: Iye zvino unofanira kuona kuti zvisungo zvinoramba zvakasungirirwa pamabhatiri panguva yekuyedzwa kwekushandiswa zvisina kunaka uye mushure mekuyedzwa, kunyangwe matoyi akagadzirirwa vana vane makore anopfuura masere.
- Zvinhu zvinokwanisa kuwedzerwa: Chiyero ichi chinosanganisira matoyi aripo zvinhu zvinokwanisa kuwedzerwa zviri mukati meganda risiri diki iro vana vanogona kunyungudutsa, kuvhura, kana kupwanya.
- Matoyi anokonzera ruzha: Miganhu yeruzha yakagadziriswa yematoyi ekusunda/kudhonza, zvichiwedzera huwandu hwepamusoro hunobvumirwa kubva pa85dB kusvika pa94dB
Kuvandudzwa kweKunyora uye Kuedza
Standard ikozvino inotsanangura zvakajekaZvinodiwa zveCPSIA tracking label, izvo zvave zvichiitwa kwemakore asi ikozvino zvave kushandiswa zviri pamutemo. Pamusoro pezvo, zvinopa mukana wekuongorora kuchena kwemvura kuburikidza nekubvumira kushandiswa kweUSP yazvino pamwe chete neUSP 35.
Zvinoreva Vagadziri veMatoyi
Kune vagadziri vematoyi nevatengesi vekunze, izvi zvigadziriso zvemutemo zvinoda matanho akakosha akati wandei:
- Ongorora magadzirirwo ezvigadzirwazvinopesana nezvinodiwa zvitsva zvekubatidza moto, kunyanya pazvinhu zvekupfeka nematoyi ane machira
- Ita ongororo yakakwana yezvekutengeswa kwezvinhukuona kuti zvinhu zvinotevedzera mitemo yemakemikari yakagadziriswa
- Gadziridza maprotocol ekuyedzakuisa nzira dzakagadziriswa dzehunhu hwemuviri, hwemakanika, uye hwemakemikari
- Chengetedza magwaro akadzamakuratidza kutevedzera mitemo yese inoshanda
Makambani anofanirwa kushanda pamwe chete nema laboratori ekuyedza ane mvumo kuti ave nechokwadi chekuti zvigadzirwa zvavo zvinosangana nezvinodiwa izvi zvisati zvava zvinosungirwa mumisika yavanoda.
Kuvaka Kuvimbana Kuburikidza Nekutevedzera Mutemo
Sezvo mitemo yekuchengetedza ichichinja, vagadziri vanogadzirisa shanduko idzi vanoratidza kuzvipira kwavo kumhando yezvigadzirwa uye kuchengetedzeka kwevana. Kuzvipira uku kunosimbisa mukurumbira wechiratidzo uye kuvimba kwevatengi mumusika wematoyi wepasi rose unokwikwidzana.
Nekugara uine ruzivo nezvekuvandudzwa kwemitemo uye kuchengetedza mitemo yakasimba yekuchengetedza, mabhizinesi ematoyi haangogone chete kuve nechokwadi chekutevedzera mitemo asiwo kusimudzira chinzvimbo chavo mumusika sevagadziri vane mutoro vakazvipira kuhutano hwevana.
Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo nezvekuti shanduko idzi dzemutemo dzingakanganisa sei zvigadzirwa zvako, bvunza nyanzvi yekuongorora matoyi kana nyanzvi yemutemo.
Nguva yekutumira: Gunyana-24-2025
