Ishishini lezinto zokudlala kwihlabathi liphela lijongene notshintsho olukhulu kwimithetho yokhuseleko, kunye nohlaziyo olubalulekileyo olusandula ukwenziwa kwimarike ye-European Union kunye ne-United States. Ukuqonda olu tshintsho kubalulekile kubavelisi kunye nabathumeli ngaphandle bejonge ukugcina ukuthobela imithetho kunye nokuthenjwa kwabathengi.
Uhlaziyo oluMiselweyo lwe-EU EN71
IKomiti yaseYurophu yoKulinganisa (i-CEN) iqalise uhlengahlengiso olubalulekileyo kuthotho lwe-EN71, iqinisa iimfuno zokhuseleko zamathoyizi athengiswa kwiimarike ze-EU.
EN 71-2:2020+A1:2025 malunga nokutsha
NgoJuni ka-2025, i-CEN yapapasha umgangatho ohlaziyiweyo we-EN 71-2:2020+A1:2025 malunga nokutsha kweethoyi. Olu hlaziyo luquka utshintsho oluninzi olubalulekileyo:
- Iinkcazo ezintsha"izinto zokudlala ezilungiselelwe ubuhle," "izinto zokudlala zokungcamla," kunye "nemidlalo yebhodi yokuhombisa" ecacisa ububanzi bomgangatho
- Iindlela zovavanyo eziphuculweyokwiimaski namalaphu, ukuqinisekisa uvavanyo lokhuseleko oluqhubekayo
- Ukunyamezela ubunzima bamanzi okwandisiweyokwiindlela zokuvavanya ukuhlamba, okuvumela ukuthotyelwa okuguquguqukayo ngakumbi ngelixa kugcinwa ukhuseleko
- Isikhokelo esongezelelweyoukuvavanya umngcipheko weempahla zokudlala kunye neethoyi ezigugileyo entloko
Lo mgangatho uhlaziyiweyo ucwangciselwe ukuba ube ngumgangatho wesizwe kumazwe angamalungu e-CEN ngoDisemba ka-2025, kwaye imigangatho yesizwe engqubanayo iza kurhoxiswa ngoJuni ka-2026.
Iindlela ezintsha zovavanyo loKhuseleko lweeKhemikhali
I-EU ikwazise imigangatho emithathu emitsha yeendlela zokuvavanya ekuqaleni kuka-2025:
- EN 71-15:2025: Ilinganisa i-formamide kwizinto zokudlala ze-foam
- EN 71-16:2025Uvavanyo lwezinto ezithile ezithintela ilangatye ze-phosphor ezifakwe i-chlorine (TCEP, TCPP, TDCP)
- EN 71-17:2025: Ihlola ii-isothiazolinones ezithile (i-MIT, i-CIT, i-BIT) kwizinto zokudlala zamanzi
Umthetho oCetywayo woKhuseleko lweeToyi
Xa sijonge phambili, i-EU ibhale uMgaqo-nkqubo woKhuseleko lweeToy (TSR) omtsha oza kuthatha indawo yoMgaqo-nkqubo woKhuseleko lweeToy (2009/48/EC) wangoku. Utshintsho oluphambili olucetywayo luquka:
- Iipaspoti zemveliso yedijithaliukutshintsha izibhengezo ze-EU zokuvumelana
- Uvavanyo oluphuculweyo lokhuseleko lweekhemikhaliucinga ngokuchasana nezinto ezininzi
- Imida engqongqo ngakumbikwizinto ezinobungozi ezongezelelweyo kuquka neziphazamisi ze-endocrine
Uhlaziyo oluQhelekileyo lwe-ASTM F963-23 yase-US
Ngaphesheya kweAtlantiki, i-United States isebenzise umgangatho ohlaziyiweyo we-ASTM F963-23, owaqala ukusebenza ngo-Epreli 2024. Lo mgangatho unyanzelekileyo uzisa utshintsho oluninzi olubalulekileyo kwinguqulelo yangaphambili:
Iimfuneko zePhthalates ezandisiweyo
Umgangatho ohlaziyiweyo ngoku uyasebenzaUmda we-0.1% kwii-phthalates ezilawulwayokuzo zonke izinto zokudlala zabantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka eli-12, ngokuhambelana nemigaqo yeCPSC. Nangona oku kuyenza ibe semthethweni indlela yokusebenza ekhoyo, kugxininisa ukubaluleka kovavanyo olupheleleyo lwe-phthalate kuzo zonke iindidi zezinto zokudlala.
Iimfuno eziGuquliweyo zeendidi ezithile zokudlala
- Izinto zokudlala ezisebenza ngebhetri: Kufuneka ngoku uqinisekise ukuba izibophelelo zihlala zibotshelelwe kwiindawo zebhetri ngexesha lovavanyo lokuxhatshazwa nasemva kwalo, nokuba zizinto zokudlala ezenzelwe abantwana abangaphezu kweminyaka esi-8 ubudala.
- Izinto ezinokwandiswa: Lo mbono ngoku ubandakanya ngokucacileyo amathoyizi apho izinto ezinokwandiswa zifumaneka ngaphakathi kwegobolondo elingengonxalenye incinci abantwana abanokuyinyibilikisa, bayivule, okanye bayiqhekeze
- Izinto zokudlala ezivelisa ingxolo: Imilinganiselo yesandi ehlaziyiweyo yeethoyi zokutyhala/zokutsala, inyusa ubuninzi obuvumelekileyo ukusuka kwi-85dB ukuya kwi-94dB
Izibonelelo zoVavanyo eziphuculweyo zokuLebhelisha nokuVavanya
Umgangatho ngoku ubhekisa ngokucacileyoIimfuno zeleyibhile yokulandelela i-CPSIA, ebezisoloko zisetyenziswa iminyaka kodwa ngoku zifakiwe ngokusesikweni. Ukongeza, inika ukuguquguquka okungakumbi ekuvavanyeni inkqubo yokucoceka kwamanzi ngokuvumela ukusetyenziswa komgangatho wamva nje we-USP<1231> kunye ne-USP 35.
Iimpembelelo kubavelisi bamathoyizi
Kubavelisi beethoyi kunye nabathumela kwamanye amazwe, olu hlaziyo lomthetho lufuna amanyathelo aliqela abalulekileyo:
- Hlaziya uyilo lwemvelisongokuchasene neemfuno ezintsha zokutsha, ingakumbi kwizinto zokunxiba kunye nezinto zokudlala ezinamalaphu
- Yenza uvavanyo olucokisekileyo lwekhonkco lokubonelelaukuqinisekisa ukuba izinto ziyahambelana nemiqathango ehlaziyiweyo yeekhemikhali
- Hlaziya iiprotokholi zovavanyoukubandakanya iindlela ezihlaziyiweyo zeempawu zomzimba, zoomatshini, kunye neekhemikhali
- Gcina amaxwebhu aneenkcukachaukubonisa ukuthobela yonke imigangatho efanelekileyo
Iinkampani kufuneka zisebenzisane ngokusondeleyo neelabhoratri zovavanyo ezivunyiweyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba iimveliso zazo ziyahlangabezana nezi mfuno zihlaziyiweyo ngaphambi kokuba zibe yimfuneko ngokupheleleyo kwiimarike zazo ekujoliswe kuzo.
Ukwakha Ukuthembana Ngokuthobela Umthetho
Njengoko imigangatho yokhuseleko itshintsha, abavelisi abajongana nale nguqu ngokukhawuleza babonisa ukuzinikela kwabo kumgangatho wemveliso kunye nokhuseleko lwabantwana. Ekugqibeleni oku kuzinikela kuqinisa udumo lophawu kunye nokuthenjwa kwabathengi kwimarike yezinto zokudlala yehlabathi ekhuphisanayo.
Ngokuhlala unolwazi malunga nohlaziyo lwemithetho kunye nokugcina imigangatho yokhuseleko eqinileyo, amashishini ezinto zokudlala akanakuqinisekisa nje kuphela ukuthotyelwa kwemithetho kodwa akwaphucula isikhundla sawo kwimarike njengabavelisi abanoxanduva abazinikele kwimpilo-ntle yabantwana.
Ukuze ufumane ulwazi oluthe kratya malunga nendlela olu tshintsho lomthetho olunokuthi luchaphazele ngayo iimveliso zakho ezithile, qhagamshelana nomboneleli ofanelekileyo wovavanyo lokhuseleko lwamathoyizi okanye ingcali yomthetho.
Ixesha leposi: Sep-24-2025
