Isingeniso:
Emakethe yomhlaba wonke, amathoyizi ezingane awagcini nje ngokuba umthombo wokuzijabulisa kodwa futhi ayimboni ebalulekile ehlanganisa amasiko nezomnotho. Kubakhiqizi abafuna ukwandisa ukufinyelela kwabo, ukuthumela kwamanye amazwe e-European Union (EU) kunikeza amathuba amakhulu. Kodwa-ke, uhambo oluvela emgqeni wokukhiqiza kuya endaweni yokudlala lugcwele imithethonqubo kanye nezimfuneko ezenzelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha, ukusimama kwemvelo, kanye nokuhambisana nemithetho evikela inhlalakahle yezingane. Lesi sihloko sisebenza njengomhlahlandlela ophelele ochaza izitifiketi ezibalulekile kanye nezindinganiso okumele zihlangatshezwe ngabathumeli bamathoyizi ukuze bangene ngempumelelo emakethe yaseYurophu.
Izindinganiso Zokuphepha kanye Nezitifiketi:
Isisekelo somthetho waseYurophu wamathoyizi ezingane ukuphepha. Isiqondiso esibanzi esilawula ukuphepha kwamathoyizi kulo lonke i-EU yi-Toy Safety Directive, okwamanje ethuthukiswayo ukuze ihambisane nenguqulo yakamuva ka-2009/48/EC. Ngaphansi kwalesi siqondiso, amathoyizi kumele alandele amazinga aqinile okuphepha ngokomzimba, kwemishini, komlilo, kanye namakhemikhali. Abathumeli ngaphandle kumele baqinisekise ukuthi imikhiqizo yabo inophawu lwe-CE, okubonisa ukuhambisana nalezi ziqondiso.
Esinye sezinyathelo ezibaluleke kakhulu ekutholeni uphawu lwe-CE sihilela ukuhlolwa kokuhambisana nomthetho yi-Notified Body evunyelwe. Le nqubo idinga ukuhlolwa okuqinile okungafaka:
- Ukuhlolwa Komzimba Nokwemishini: Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amathoyizi awanazo izingozi ezifana nemiphetho ebukhali, izingxenye ezincane ezibeka ingozi yokuminyana, kanye neziqhumane ezingaba yingozi.
- Ukuhlolwa Kokusha: Amathoyizi kumele ahlangabezane nezindinganiso zokusha ukuze kuncishiswe ingozi yokusha noma imililo.
- Ukuhlolwa Kokuphepha Kwamakhemikhali: Imikhawulo eqinile ekusetshenzisweni kwezinto eziyingozi njenge-lead, ama-plasticizer athile, kanye nezinsimbi ezisindayo iyaphoqelelwa ukuze kuvikelwe impilo yezingane.
Imithethonqubo Yezemvelo:
Ngaphezu kokukhathazeka ngokuphepha, imithethonqubo yezemvelo idlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu embonini yamathoyizi. I-EU's Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) Directive ivimbela ukusetshenziswa kwezinto eziyisithupha eziyingozi emishinini kagesi nekagesi, okuhlanganisa namathoyizi aqukethe izingxenye zikagesi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation, and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) ilawula ukusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali ukuqinisekisa impilo yabantu kanye nokuvikelwa kwemvelo. Abakhiqizi bamathoyizi kumele babhalise noma yimaphi amakhemikhali asetshenziswa emikhiqizweni yabo futhi banikeze ulwazi oluningiliziwe mayelana nokusetshenziswa okuphephile.
Izidingo Eziqondene Nezwe:
Nakuba ukumakwa kwe-CE kanye nokuhambisana nezindinganiso zokuphepha ze-EU yonke kubalulekile, abathumeli bamathoyizi kufanele futhi baqaphele imithethonqubo ethile yezwe ngaphakathi kweYurophu. Isibonelo, iJalimane inezidingo ezengeziwe ezaziwa ngokuthi "i-German Toy Ordinance" (Spielzeugverordnung), ehlanganisa izincazelo eziqinile zalokho okwakha ithoyizi futhi ebeka izidingo ezengeziwe zokulebula. Ngokufanayo, iFrance iyala "inothi le-RGPH" lemikhiqizo ehambisana nemithethonqubo yezempilo yomphakathi yaseFrance.
Ukulebula Nokupakisha:
Ukufakwa kwamalebula anembile kanye nokupakishwa okusobala kubaluleke kakhulu kumathoyizi angena emakethe ye-EU. Abakhiqizi kumele babonise uphawu lwe-CE ngokucacile, banikeze ulwazi ngomkhiqizi noma umngenisi, futhi bafake izixwayiso kanye nezincomo zobudala lapho kudingeka khona. Ukupakisha akufanele kudukise abathengi ngokuqukethwe komkhiqizo noma kube nezingozi zokuminyana.
Izinqubo Zokuphila Isikhathi Esibekiwe kanye Nokukhumbula:
Abathumeli bamathoyizi kumele futhi bamise izinqubo ezicacile zokuqapha isikhathi sokuphelelwa yisikhathi kwemikhiqizo yabo kanye nokuqalisa ukubuyiselwa emuva uma kuvela izinkinga zokuphepha. Uhlelo Lokuxwayisa Okusheshayo Lwemikhiqizo Engeyona Eyokudla (i-RAPEX) luvumela amalungu e-EU ukuthi abelane ngokushesha ngolwazi mayelana nezingozi ezitholakala emikhiqizweni, okwenza kube lula ukuthatha isinyathelo esisheshayo sokuvikela abathengi.
Isiphetho:
Ekuphetheni, ukuzulazula endaweni eyinkimbinkimbi yezitifiketi nezidingo zokuthumela amathoyizi ezingane eYurophu kudinga ukukhuthala, ukulungiselela, kanye nokuzibophezela ekuhlangabezaneni nezindinganiso zokuphepha eziqinile kanye nezemvelo. Ngokuqonda nokunamathela kule mithethonqubo, abakhiqizi bamathoyizi bangaphumelela ukweqa imingcele yaseYurophu, baqinisekise ukuthi imikhiqizo yabo ayijabulisi nje kuphela izingane kulo lonke izwekazi kodwa futhi igcina amazinga aphezulu okuphepha kanye nekhwalithi. Njengoba imboni yamathoyizi yomhlaba wonke iqhubeka nokukhula, ukuhlala unolwazi ngale mithethonqubo kuzohlala kungumsebenzi obalulekile kunoma yiliphi ibhizinisi elifuna ukwenza uphawu lwalo emakethe yaseYurophu.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Julayi-01-2024
