Imboni yamathoyizi yomhlaba wonke ibhekene nesimo esishintshashintshayo semithethonqubo yokuphepha, kanye nezibuyekezo ezibalulekile ezisanda kusetshenziswa ezimakethe ze-European Union kanye nase-United States. Ukuqonda lezi zinguquko kubalulekile kubakhiqizi kanye nabathumeli bempahla abahlose ukugcina ukuthobela imithetho kanye nokwethenjwa kwabathengi.
Izibuyekezo Ezijwayelekile ze-EU EN71
IKomidi LaseYurophu Lokumisa Izindinganiso (i-CEN) lethule izinguquko eziningana ezibalulekile ochungechungeni lwe-EN71, liqinisa izidingo zokuphepha zamathoyizi athengiswa ezimakethe ze-EU.
EN 71-2:2020+A1:2025 mayelana nokuvutha
NgoJuni 2025, i-CEN yashicilela indinganiso ebuyekeziwe ye-EN 71-2:2020+A1:2025 ephathelene nokusha kwamathoyizi. Lesi sibuyekezo sihlanganisa izinguquko eziningana ezibalulekile:
- Izincazelo ezintsha"amathoyizi esethi yezimonyo," "amathoyizi okudlala ngokunambitha," kanye "nemidlalo yebhodi yokunuka" ecacisa ububanzi bendinganiso
- Izindlela zokuhlola ezithuthukisiwekwemaski nezindwangu, ukuqinisekisa ukuhlolwa kokuphepha okuqhubekayo
- Ukubekezelelana kobulukhuni bamanzi okwandisiwekumaphrothokholi okuhlola ukugeza, okuvumela ukuthobela imithetho ngendlela eguquguqukayo ngenkathi kugcinwa ukuphepha
- Isiqondiso esengeziweukuhlolwa kwengozi yezingubo zamathoyizi namathoyizi agqokwe ekhanda
Le nqubo ebuyekeziwe ihlelelwe ukuba ibe yindinganiso kazwelonke emazweni angamalungu e-CEN ngoDisemba 2025, kanti izindinganiso kazwelonke ezingqubuzanayo zizohoxiswa ngoJuni 2026.
Izindlela Ezintsha Zokuhlola Ukuphepha Kwamakhemikhali
I-EU iphinde yethula amazinga amathathu amasha okuhlola ekuqaleni kuka-2025:
- EN 71-15:2025: Kukala i-formamide ezintweni zokudlala ze-foam
- EN 71-16:2025: Ukuhlolwa kwezinye izinto ezivimbela ilangabi ze-phosphor ezifakwe i-chlorine (TCEP, TCPP, TDCP)
- EN 71-17:2025: Ihlola ama-isothiazolinones athile (i-MIT, i-CIT, i-BIT) ezintweni zokudlala ezinamanzi
Umthetho Wokuphepha Kwamathoyizi Ohlongozwayo
Uma sibheka phambili, i-EU ibhale uMthethonqubo Wokuphepha Kwamathoyizi omusha (i-TSR) ozothatha indawo yeSiqondiso Sokuphepha Kwamathoyizi samanje (2009/48/EC). Izinguquko ezibalulekile eziphakanyisiwe zifaka:
- Amaphasiphothi omkhiqizo wedijithaliukuthatha indawo yezimemezelo ze-EU zokuvumelana
- Ukuhlolwa kokuphepha kwamakhemikhali okuthuthukisiweukucabangela ukuchayeka okuhlangene ezintweni eziningi
- Imikhawulo eqinileezintweni eziyingozi ezengeziwe okuhlanganisa neziphazamisi ze-endocrine
Izibuyekezo Ezijwayelekile ze-ASTM F963-23 zase-US
Ngaphesheya kwe-Atlantic, i-United States isebenzise indinganiso ye-ASTM F963-23 ebuyekeziwe, eyaqala ukusebenza ngo-Ephreli 2024. Le ndinganiso ephoqelekile yethula izinguquko eziningana ezibalulekile kusukela enguqulweni yangaphambilini:
Izidingo ze-Phthalates Ezandisiwe
Izindinganiso ezibuyekeziwe manje ziyasebenzaUmkhawulo ongu-0.1% wama-phthalates alawulwayokuzo zonke izinto zokudlala zezingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-12, ngokuvumelana nemithethonqubo ye-CPSC. Nakuba lokhu kwenza umkhuba okhona ube semthethweni, kugcizelela ukubaluleka kokuhlolwa okuphelele kwe-phthalate kuzo zonke izigaba zamathoyizi.
Izidingo Eziguquliwe Zezigaba Zamathoyizi Athile
- Amathoyizi asebenza ngebhethri: Manje kufanele uqinisekise ukuthi izikhonkwane zihlala ziboshwe ezindaweni zebhethri ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kokuxhashazwa nangemva kwalokho, ngisho nakumathoyizi ahloselwe izingane ezingaphezu kweminyaka engu-8.
- Izinto ezinwebekayo: Ububanzi manje buhlanganisa ngokusobala amathoyizi lapho izinto ezinwebekayo zitholakala khona ngaphakathi kwegobolondo elingeyona ingxenye encane izingane ezingase ziyincibilikise, ziyivule, noma ziyiphule.
- Amathoyizi adala umsindo: Imikhawulo yezinga lomsindo ebuyekeziwe yamathoyizi okusunduza/ukudonsa, okwandisa inani eliphezulu elivunyelwe kusukela ku-85dB kuya ku-94dB
Imibandela Yokulebula Nokuhlola Ethuthukisiwe
Izindinganiso manje zibhekisela ngokusobalaIzidingo zelebula yokulandelela ye-CPSIA, obekulokhu kuyinqubo ejwayelekile iminyaka kodwa manje isifakiwe ngokusemthethweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inikeza ukuguquguquka okwengeziwe ekuhloleni ukuhlanzeka kwamanzi ngenqubo ngokuvumela ukusetshenziswa kwendinganiso yakamuva ye-USP<1231> kanye ne-USP 35.
Imiphumela Yabakhiqizi Bamathoyizi
Kubakhiqizi bamathoyizi nabathumeli ngaphandle, lezi zibuyekezo zomthetho zidinga izinyathelo eziningana ezibalulekile:
- Buyekeza imiklamo yemikhiqizongokumelene nezidingo ezintsha zokusha, ikakhulukazi ezintweni zokugqoka namathoyizi aqukethe izindwangu
- Yenza ukuhlolwa okuphelele kochungechunge lokuhlinzekaukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinto zokwakha ziyahambisana nemikhawulo yamakhemikhali ebuyekeziwe
- Buyekeza amaphrothokholi okuhlolaukufaka izindlela ezibuyekeziwe zezakhiwo zomzimba, zemishini, nezamakhemikhali
- Gcina imibhalo enemininingwaneukukhombisa ukuhambisana nazo zonke izindinganiso ezifanele
Izinkampani kufanele zisebenzisane eduze nama-laboratory okuhlola agunyaziwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imikhiqizo yazo iyahlangabezana nalezi zidingo ezibuyekeziwe ngaphambi kokuba ibe yimpoqo ngokuphelele ezimakethe zazo eziqondiwe.
Ukwakha Ukwethembana Ngokuthobela Umthetho
Njengoba izindinganiso zokuphepha zithuthuka, abakhiqizi ababhekana nalezi zinguquko ngendlela ephumelelayo babonisa ukuzibophezela kwabo ekhwalithini yomkhiqizo kanye nokuphepha kwezingane. Lokhu kuzibophezela ekugcineni kuqinisa idumela lomkhiqizo kanye nokwethenjwa kwabathengi emakethe yamathoyizi omhlaba wonke encintisanayo.
Ngokuhlala unolwazi mayelana nezibuyekezo zomthetho kanye nokugcina amazinga okuphepha aqinile, amabhizinisi amathoyizi awakwazi nje ukuqinisekisa ukuthobela imithetho kodwa futhi athuthukisa isikhundla sawo emakethe njengabakhiqizi abanomthwalo wemfanelo abazinikele enhlalakahleni yezingane.
Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nokuthi lezi zinguquko zomthetho zingathinta kanjani imikhiqizo yakho ethile, xhumana nomhlinzeki oqeqeshiwe wokuhlola ukuphepha kwamathoyizi noma uchwepheshe wezomthetho.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Septhemba-24-2025
