I-SHENZHEN, Sep. [XX] — Njengoba abathumeli bamathoyizi baseShayina banda emhlabeni jikelele, usongo olukhulayo lubonakala phezu kwezindleko zabo eziphansi: ukwanda kokukhwabanisa kokukhokha kanye nezingxabano. Ngenkathi i-China Export & Credit Insurance Corporation (Sinosure) ibike ukwanda okungu-13.5% ngonyaka komshuwalense) kuya ku-$565.6 billion engxenyeni yokuqala ka-2025, idatha yemboni yembula iqiniso elimnyama: ama-75% abathengi e-US nase-UK baqale ukukhokhisa imali emuva ngo-2024, bafinyelela amazinga aphezulu amarekhodi. Kusukela kuma-akhawunti amanga akhiqizwe yi-AI kuya kokukhwabanisa kwe-Letter of Credit kanye nokubambezeleka kokukhokha kwesifunda, abathumeli bamathoyizi babhekene nezingozi zokuqoqa izinkokhelo ezingakaze zibonwe ezidinga ukunakwa okuphuthumayo. Lo mbiko uhlaziya amaphethini okukhwabanisa avelayo futhi unikeza izindlela zokuphepha ezisebenzayo zokubhekana nesimo sokukhokha esiyingozi sika-2025.
Isimo Sokukhwabanisa Esishintshayo: Izinhlelo Eziqhutshwa yi-AI kanye Nezingozi Zesifunda
Intuthuko eyethusa kakhulu ekukhwabaniseni izinkokhelo kwamanye amazwe ukwamukelwa okusheshayo kobuchwepheshe be-AI ngabakhwabanisi. Amaqembu obugebengu asebenzisa kakhulu amamodeli amakhulu olimi njenge-FraudGPT kanye ne-WormGPT ukukhiqiza ama-imeyili e-phishing ayinkimbinkimbi, ukudala amaphrofayili abathengi mbumbulu, kanye nokugwema izinhlelo zokuqinisekisa ukuphepha, ngokusho kwe-Riskified's 2024 Global Insights Report on Chargeback Challenges. Lawa mathuluzi e-AI avumela abakhwabanisi ukusungula "ama-akhawunti erobhothi" abonakala efanelekile angaqeda ukuthenga ngempumelelo ngaphambi kokunyamalala nezimpahla, ashiye abathumeli ngaphandle bengakhokhelwa.
"Abakhohlisi abasebenzisa i-AI bangakha amakhulu obunikazi bamanga obubonakala bungokoqobo ngokwanele ukuthi baphumelele ukuhlolwa kokuqinisekisa okuyisisekelo," kuchaza uTasneen Padiath, uMqondisi we-APAC kwa-Riskified, inkampani ehamba phambili yokuvimbela ukukhwabanisa. "Embonini yamathoyizi, lapho ukwanda kwesidingo sesizini kudala ingcindezi yokugcwalisa ama-oda ngokushesha, lawa ma-akhawunti mbumbulu abangela ukulahlekelwa okukhulu—ngezinye izikhathi amashumi ezinkulungwane zamaRandi ngesigameko ngasinye."
Ukwehlukahluka kwesifunda emaphethini okukhwabanisa kwenza kube nzima kakhulu ukuphathwa kwezingozi. ECosta Rica, imakethe ebalulekile yokuthunyelwa kwamathoyizi aseShayina, ukuguquguquka kwemali kanye nokungazinzi komnotho kuholele ekwandeni kwezimo zokukhokha okubambezelekile kanye nokuqongelela kwempahla echwebeni njengoba abathengi benqaba ukwamukela ukulethwa lapho amazinga okushintshaniswa kwemali eba mabi, ngokusho koMkhandlu Wesifundazwe saseZhejiang Wokukhuthaza Ukuhweba Kwamazwe Ngamazwe. Lokhu kukhulise izindleko zokugcina nezokuthutha zabathumeli ngesilinganiso esingu-12-15% ngo-2025.
Izimakethe zaseLatin America zinezinselele ezahlukene, lapho abakhwabanisi besebenzisa izinhlelo zokudlulisa ngesikhathi sangempela ezivamile esifundeni. Ngokweba iziqinisekiso zokukhokha zabathengi nokusebenzisa i-AI ukukhohlisa imininingwane yobunikazi, izigebengu ziye zandisa ukuthengiselana kokukhwabanisa okuqondiswe ekuthunyelweni kwamathoyizi—ikakhulukazi izinto ezinenani eliphezulu njengezibalo eziqoqwayo namathoyizi kagesi agcina inani lokuthengisa kabusha. Izimakethe ezisafufusa ezinengqalasizinda yamabhange engakathuthuki kahle zisengozini enkulu, zibhekene nokulahlekelwa kwemali engenayo okufika ku-6% ngenxa yokukhwabanisa kokukhokha uma kuqhathaniswa nesilinganiso somhlaba wonke esingu-3%, kusho idatha ye-Riskified.
Izindlela zokukhwabanisa zendabuko ziyaqhubeka nalezi zinsongo ezintsha. Ukukhwabanisa kwezincwadi zesikweletu (L/C) kusalokhu kuyinkathazo, lapho abakhwabanisi bedala amadokhumenti amanga noma beshintsha imininingwane yokuthumela ukuze baphambukise izimpahla. Umthengisi wamathoyizi ochwepheshe wemikhiqizo yezemfundo ohlala eGuangdong ubike ukuthi ulahlekelwe u-$400,000 ekuqaleni kuka-2025 ngemuva kokuba umthengi eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia eveze amadokhumenti amanga e-L/C abonakala eyiqiniso kwaze kwaba yilapho ukuthunyelwa sekufikile.
Izifundo Zezimo: Indlela Abathumeli Bamathoyizi Abaqondiswa Ngayo
Izigameko zakamuva ziqokomisa izingozi ezahlukahlukene ezibhekene nabathumeli bamathoyizi. NgoMashi 2025, umkhiqizi ophakathi nendawo e-Yiwu ogxile kumathoyizi athambile wathola i-oda elikhulu enkampanini esanda kusungulwa eBrazil ngemikhiqizo ebiza u-$250,000. Umthengi waphikelela ekusebenziseni indlela yokukhokha yendawo engaziwa kakhulu futhi wanikeza amadokhumenti okuqinisekisa ubuwena abonakala evumelekile. Ngemva kokuthumela i-oda, umthengisi wathola ukuthi inkampani yayingamanga—amadokhumenti ayo obuwena akhiqizwe yi-AI—futhi inkokhelo yayisivele yenziwe ngolwazi lwekhadi lesikweletu elibiwe. Ngesikhathi kuqaliswa ukukhokhiswa kwemali, izimpahla zase zisakazwe kakade ngeziteshi ezingakahleleki eBrazil.
Elinye icala lalihilela umthengisi wezimali ohlala eHong Kong oqokelwe ekukhwabaniseni kwe-L/C eYurophu. Umthengi, owayezenza inkampani engaphansi kwenkampani yokuthengisa eyaziwayo, wanikeza i-L/C ngebhange elincane laseMpumalanga Yurophu. Amadokhumenti abonakala efanelekile, kodwa lapho ehlolwa kahle ngemva kokuthunyelwa, kwatholakala ukungafani kumakhodi okugunyaza ebhange. Ngaleso sikhathi, amathoyizi—aqukethe abalingiswa abadumile abapopayi—ayeselethwe endaweni yokugcina impahla engagunyaziwe futhi ethengiswa ezimakethe zesibili.
Mhlawumbe okukhathaza kakhulu ukubuyiselwa kwemali okuhleliwe okuthinta abathengisi bamathoyizi ezimakethe ezinkulu. Inkampani yamathoyizi yaseShenzhen ehlinzeka ngemakethe yaseYurophu yase-Amazon ibike ukwanda okungu-300% kwezimangalo "zezinto ezingakatholwa" ku-Q2 2025, naphezu kokusebenzisa izinsizakalo zokuthumela ezilandelelwe. Uphenyo luveze ukuthi abakhwabanisi babesebenzisa i-AI ukudala izinguquko zekheli lokulethwa eziqinisekisayo bese befaka izicelo zokungalethwa. Le nkampani ilinganisela ukuthi lokhu kubuyiselwa kwemali okukhohlisayo kubabize u-$80,000 wezimpahla ezilahlekile kanye nemali yokucubungula ezinyangeni ezintathu nje.
Amasu Okunciphisa Ingozi: Izindlela Ezisebenzayo Zabathumeli Bamanye Amazwe
Ukuze kulwiwe nalezi zinsongo ezishintshayo, abathumeli bamathoyizi basebenzisa izindlela zokuphatha ubungozi ezihlanganisa ubuchwepheshe, ukucophelela okufanele, kanye nokubambisana okunesu.
Ukuqina Okufanelekile Nokuqinisekiswa Okuthuthukisiwe
Abathumeli bezimpahla abaphambili manje sebesebenzisa izindlela eziqinile zokuqinisekisa abathengi ngaphambi kokwamukela ama-oda. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukuqinisekisa ukubhaliswa kwezinkampani ngokusebenzisa amakamelo endawo okuhweba, ukuhlola umlando wesikweletu ngezinsizakalo ezifana ne-Dun & Bradstreet, kanye nokudinga imibhalo eyengeziwe kubathengi bokuqala. "Manje senza izingcingo zevidiyo namakhasimende amasha ukuqinisekisa izakhiwo zebhizinisi labo futhi sigcizelela ukuthi kukhokhelwe ingxenye kusengaphambili yama-oda angaphezu kuka-$50,000," kusho umphathi wezingozi enkampanini enkulu yokukhiqiza amathoyizi e-Guangdong. "Lezi zinyathelo zinciphise ukulahlekelwa kwethu kokukhwabanisa ngo-40% kulo nyaka."
Ngokuthengiselana okuku-inthanethi, ukusebenzisa amathuluzi okuqinisekisa ubuwena asebenzisa i-AI sekubalulekile. Izixazululo ezifana nohlelo lokuthola ukukhwabanisa lwe-Riskified zisebenzisa ukufunda komshini ukuhlaziya amakhulu amaphuzu edatha—kusukela kumakheli e-IP kuya kumaphethini okuphequlula—ukuhlonza ukuthengiselana okusolisayo ngaphambi kokuba izimpahla zithunyelwe. "Amamodeli ethu e-AI angathola ama-akhawunti angamanga angama-95% akhiqizwe yi-AI ngokuhlaziya ukungahambisani okucashile emaphethini awo okuziphatha," kuchaza uPadiath.
Ukukhetha Indlela Yokukhokha Ehlakaniphile
Ukukhetha indlela yokukhokha efanele ngokusekelwe emakethe kanye nephrofayili yomthengi kunciphisa kakhulu ubungozi. Ngezinkokhelo zenani eliphezulu ezimakethe ezingajwayelekile, abathumeli abaningi manje baphikelela ekutheni ama-L/C angenakuguqulwa aqinisekiswe amabhange omhlaba athembekile kunezikhungo zasendaweni. Ama-oda aphakathi nendawo avame ukusebenzisa izinsizakalo ze-escrow njenge-Alibaba's Trade Assurance, egcina imali kuze kube yilapho ukulethwa kuqinisekisiwe.
Ezimakethe ezisafufusa, ukubambisana nabahlinzeki bezinkokhelo abakhethekile abavela emingceleni kunikeza isivikelo esingcono kuneziteshi zebhange zendabuko. Izinkampani ezifana ne-XTransfer, egxile ekukhokheni kwezentengiselwano zangaphandle ze-B2B, zihlinzeka ngama-akhawunti okuqoqwa kwendawo ezimakethe eziqondiwe, kunciphisa ukuthembela emabhange aphakathi futhi kunikeze ukuqapha okungcono kokukhwabanisa. "Ukusebenzisa ama-akhawunti okuqoqwa kwendawo eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia kunciphise ukubambezeleka kwethu kokukhokha ngo-70% futhi kunciphisa izehlakalo zokukhwabanisa," kuphawula umthengisi wamathoyizi osebenza e-Indonesia naseVietnam.
Izivikelo Zomshwalense Nezezimali
Inani elikhulayo labathumeli bamathoyizi liphendukela kumshwalense wesikweletu sokuthumela kwamanye amazwe ukuze livikele ezingozini zokungakhokhi. Idatha ye-Sinosure yango-2025 ikhombisa ukuthi umshwalense wayo wesikweletu sokuthumela kwamanye amazwe wesikhashana, ohlanganisa izingozi zezentengiselwano nezepolitiki, usekele u-$140.7 billion ekuthunyelweni kwamanye amazwe kwamathoyizi engxenyeni yokuqala yonyaka, ukwanda ngo-5% kusukela esikhathini esidlule. Lo mshwalense uvame ukumboza u-80-90% wokulahlekelwa okuvela ekungakwazini ukukhokha izikweletu komthengi, ukwehluleka isikhathi eside, noma izenzakalo zezepolitiki.
Ngokuthengiselana okuphindaphindiwe, izinsizakalo zokufaka ama-factor zinikeza olunye ungqimba lwesivikelo ngokuthenga ama-akhawunti atholakalayo ngesaphulelo kanye nokucabanga ngengozi yokuqoqwa. Lokhu akugcini nje ngokunciphisa ukuchayeka ezikweletini ezimbi kodwa futhi kuthuthukisa ukuhamba kwemali—inzuzo ebalulekile embonini yamathoyizi edinga imali eningi ngemijikelezo yayo yokukhiqiza yesizini.
Ubufakazi Besikhathi Esizayo Ngokumelene Nezinsongo Ezivelayo
Njengoba abakhwabanisi besebenzisa amathuluzi e-AI ayinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, abathumeli ngaphandle kumele bavuselele njalo ukuzivikela kwabo. Ochwepheshe bemboni batusa ukuqeqeshwa kwabasebenzi njalo ngamaqhinga okukhwabanisa avelayo, ikakhulukazi lawo ahilela okuqukethwe okukhiqizwe yi-AI. "Amaklayenti ethu amaningi manje aqhuba ukulingisa kwekota lapho amaqembu ejwayela khona ukuhlonza amadokhumenti enziwe yi-AI kanye namaphrofayili abathengi mbumbulu," kusho umeluleki wezingozi ochwepheshe ekuthunyelweni kwamathoyizi kwamanye amazwe.
Ukubambisana ngaphakathi kwemboni nakho kuyakhula. Izinhlangano zezohwebo ezifana ne-China Toy & Juvenile Products Association zisungule izizindalwazi ezabiwe zabathengi abakhohlisayo kanye nokuthengiselana okusolisayo, okuvumela amalungu ukuthi abeke izingozi ndawonye. Okwamanje, ukubambisana phakathi kwabathumeli ngaphandle kanye nezinkampani zobuchwepheshe kuveza izixazululo ezikhethekile kakhulu, njengezinhlelo ezisekelwe ku-blockchain zokulandelela ukuthunyelwa nokuqinisekisa ubuqiniso bedokhumenti ngesikhathi sangempela.
Uma sibheka phambili, abathumeli bamathoyizi abaqine kakhulu yilabo abalinganisela ukukhula ngokuqapha. "Ukunwebeka ezimakethe ezintsha kubalulekile, kodwa hhayi ngezindleko zokuvikela ubungozi obunganele," kweluleka umhlaziyi wemboni kwa-Euromonitor. "Abathumeli bamathoyizi abaphumelelayo bango-2025 bazoba yilabo abahlanganisa ukuvimbela ukukhwabanisa emasu abo ayinhloko ebhizinisi, besebenzisa inhlanganisela yobuchwepheshe, umshwalense, kanye nezindlela zokukhokha zamasu ukuvikela imali engenayo yabo."
Njengoba imikhiqizo yamathoyizi aseShayina ithola ukuqashelwa emhlabeni wonke—ikakhulukazi leyo esebenzisa ama-IP athandwayo ezithombeni—isidingo sokuvikela lokhu kuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe okubalulekile ekukhohlisweni kokukhokha siba yinto ebaluleke kakhulu. Ngokusebenzisa izinqubo zokuqinisekisa eziqinile, ukukhetha iziteshi zokukhokha ezifanele, nokusebenzisa amathuluzi ezezimali atholakalayo, abathumeli bangaphandle bangahamba endaweni eyinkimbinkimbi yengozi ka-2025 ngenkathi beqhubeka nokwakha ubukhona babo bamazwe ngamazwe.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Septhemba-20-2025
