Amavugurura akomeye mu mategeko n'ivugurura rya politiki byahinduye imiterere y'ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga bw'Ubushinwa
Uko tugenda tugera mu mwaka wa 2025, inganda z’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga z’Ubushinwa zabonye ishyirwaho ry’amategeko na politiki bishya byinshi bigamije kuvugurura amategeko yabwo, kunoza ibisabwa kugira ngo bigerweho, no guteza imbere iterambere rirambye. Izi mpinduka zigaragaza imbaraga Ubushinwa bukomeje kugira zo kumenyera imiterere y’ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga irimo guhinduka, mu gihe bukomeza umwanya wabwo ku isoko mpuzamahanga.
Ivugurura ryuzuye ry'amategeko y'ubucuruzi bw'amahanga
Impinduka zikomeye mu mategeko zikomoka ku mushinga w’ivugurura ry’Itegeko ry’Ubucuruzi bw’Amahanga mu Bushinwa, ryashyikirijwe Komite Ihoraho y’Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’Igihugu y’Abaturage kugira ngo isuzumwe muri Nzeri 2025. Iri vugurura rinini rigizwe n’ibice 11 n’ingingo 80 zivugurura mu buryo bwuzuye urwego rw’amategeko rusanzweho.
Ingingo z'ingenzi z'Itegeko ry'Ubucuruzi bw'Amahanga ryavuguruwe zirimo:
- Ingingo zongerewe z’umutekano w’igihugu: Itegeko ryavuguruwe rikubiyemo mu buryo bweruye "kurinda ubusugire bw’igihugu, umutekano, n’inyungu z’iterambere" mu nshingano zaryo zo gushinga amategeko, mu gihe hongewemo ingingo zisaba imirimo y’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga kugira ngo habeho iterambere ry’ubukungu n’imibereho myiza y’abaturage.
- Kuvugurura Amabwiriza Mpuzamahanga:Iri vugurura ritegeka ku mugaragaro Ubushinwa guhuza n’amategeko mpuzamahanga y’ubukungu n’ubucuruzi mu buryo bwo hejuru, mu gihe bugira uruhare runini mu gushyiraho amategeko mpuzamahanga y’ubucuruzi.
- Uburyo bushya bw'ubucuruzi:Uyu mushinga uzamura ingamba nyinshi zo kuvugurura inzego z’amategeko, harimo uburyo bwo gucunga urutonde rw’ubucuruzi bwa serivisi zambukiranya imipaka, gushyigikira guteza imbere imiterere mishya y’ubucuruzi n’uburyo bushya bwo gukoresha, gushishikariza iterambere ry’ubucuruzi bushingiye ku ikoranabuhanga, no kwihutisha uburyo bw’ubucuruzi butangiza ibidukikije.
- Kurinda Umutungo bwite mu by'Ubwenge:Itegeko ryavuguruwe rishimangira kunoza uburinzi bwa IP bujyanye n'ubucuruzi bw'amahanga, kunoza urwego rw'amategeko akurikizwa, no gushimangira ubushobozi bwo guhangana n'ingaruka ku bakora mu bucuruzi.
- Sisitemu yo Gufasha mu Kuvugurura Ubucuruzi:Uburyo bushya bugamije guteza imbere inganda n'imitangire y'ibikoresho, mu gihe bushishikariza ibigo by'inzobere mu gutanga serivisi nziza kunoza imiyoboro yabyo kugira ngo bitange serivisi nziza ku bacuruzi b'amahanga.
- Ibikoresho byagutse byo kurwanya indwara:Itegeko ryavuguruwe rikungahaza uburyo Ubushinwa bukoresha mu by’amategeko mu guhangana n’amakimbirane mpuzamahanga, ryuzuza ingamba zo kugabanya. Ubu ryemerera kubuza cyangwa kugabanya ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga n’abantu ku giti cyabo cyangwa imiryango bishobora gushyira mu kaga ubusugire bw’igihugu cy’Ubushinwa, umutekano, cyangwa inyungu z’iterambere. Rinabuza kandi inkunga iyo ari yo yose cyangwa ubufasha mu kwirinda izi ngamba zo kugabanya.
Ibisabwa bikomeye byo gutangaza ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga
Guhera ku ya 1 Ukwakira 2025, amategeko mashya aturuka mu kigo cy’imisoro cya leta (Itangazo rya 2025 No. 17) ashyiraho amabwiriza akomeye ku imenyekanisha ry’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga. Aya mabwiriza ategeka ko:
- Ibigo byohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga bigomba gutanga raporo icyarimwe ku makuru nyayo y’abakiriya n’agaciro k’ibyohereza mu mahanga. Kutubahiriza ibyo bikorwa bizatuma ibyoherezwa mu mahanga byikorera ku giti cyabyo bifite inshingano zo kwishyura umusoro ku nyungu z’ibigo.
- Itangazo ryose rya gasutamo rigomba gutangaza neza amakuru nyayo y’abatunze imizigo, rigamije gukuraho "ibyoherezwa mu mahanga byoherejwe hanze" n'ibikorwa "byo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga byitwa amazina".
- Abantu ku giti cyabo ntibazongera kuba abasoreshwa mu mahanga kandi ntibashobora kwitabira amatangazo y’ubucuruzi bw’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga.
Ibigo bitubahiriza amategeko bihanishwa ibihano bikomeye, birimo:
- Amande ari hagati ya 5% na 30% by'agaciro k'ibicuruzwa
- Kugabanuka kw'inguzanyo
- Uburyozwacyaha bushoboka ku byaha bikomeye
Amategeko mashya atanga ibitekerezo bitandukanye ku bucuruzi buri mu byiciro bitandukanye by’iterambere, ashishikariza abacuruzi bato n’abaciriritse guhitamo abahagarariye ibicuruzwa byemewe, abacuruzi bakura bagatekereza gushinga amasosiyete ya Hong Kong, n’ibigo bikuze kugira ngo bibone uburenganzira bwigenga bwo gutumiza no kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga.
Udushya mu bya politiki y'akarere: Urugero rw'umujyi wa Beijing
Uretse amabwiriza yo ku rwego rw'igihugu, politiki z'uturere zigaragaza uburyo bugenda buhinduka mu bucuruzi bw'amahanga. Akarere k'Iterambere ry'Ubukungu n'Ikoranabuhanga ka Beijing (E-Town) kashyizeho politiki zivuguruye muri Nzeri 2025:
- "Ingamba nshya z'Ubucuruzi bw'Amahanga 8" zigaragaza iterambere ryuzuye ugereranije na politiki zabanje, kongera inkunga no gushakisha uburyo butandukanye bwo gutanga ubufasha.
- Inkunga nyinshi zo mu imurikagurisha ryo mu mahanga, aho igipimo cyo kwishyura kizamuka kuva kuri 30% kugeza kuri 40%.
- Amafaranga y'inyongera ku bigo bifite icyemezo cya Gasutamo cya AEO.
- Inkunga ku bwishingizi bw'inguzanyo zoherezwa mu mahanga kugira ngo bigabanye ikiguzi cyo kwagura ibicuruzwa mpuzamahanga.
Izi politiki zigamije gufasha Beijing E-Town guhinga ibigo birenga 10 bifite RMB zisaga miliyari 10 mu bucuruzi mpuzamahanga, ibigo 30 bifite RMB zisaga miliyari 1, n'ibigo 100 bifite RMB zisaga miliyoni 100 bitarenze mu 2027.
Ingaruka ku bigo by'ubucuruzi bw'amahanga
Amabwiriza mashya na politiki bitanga imbogamizi n'amahirwe ku bucuruzi bukora ubucuruzi bw'amahanga:
- Ibisabwa mu kubahiriza amategeko birushijeho kwiyongera:Ibigo bigomba kongera uburyo bwo gucunga amategeko yabyo, cyane cyane ibijyanye no gutangaza ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga, kurengera umutungo bwite mu by'ubwenge, no kubahiriza amategeko mashya.
- Amahirwe yo gushyigikirwa yiyongera:Ibigo bishobora gukoresha inkunga zitandukanye za politiki, harimo inkunga y'imurikagurisha, ubufasha bw'ubwishingizi bw'inguzanyo, n'ibihembo by'impamyabumenyi zo ku rwego rwo hejuru.
- Ihame ry’amategeko rirushijeho gukomera:Gushyira imbere ingamba zo kuvugurura inzego z’amategeko zikora neza bitanga ituze n’ubushobozi bwo gutegura igenamigambi ry’igihe kirekire.
- Hakenewe Ubuhanga bwihariye:Ingorane z'amategeko mashya ziyongera agaciro ka serivisi z'umwuga zihariye mu bijyanye no kubahiriza amategeko y'ubucuruzi bw'amahanga, umutungo bwite mu by'ubwenge, no gukemura amakimbirane mpuzamahanga.
Umwanzuro
Amabwiriza mashya y’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga yashyizweho mu 2025 agaragaza uburyo busesuye bw’Ubushinwa mu kuvugurura imiterere y’ubucuruzi bwabwo ku bibazo n’amahirwe agezweho. Mu gushimangira ishingiro ry’amategeko, kunoza uburyo bwo kubahiriza amategeko, no gutanga ingamba zo gushyigikira, aya mabwiriza agamije gushyiraho ibidukikije bihamye, biboneye kandi birambye byo guteza imbere ubucuruzi bw’amahanga.
Uko ubucuruzi bugenda buhuza n’izi mpinduka, abahuza ibikorwa byabo n’ibikenewe bishya mu gihe bakoresha uburyo buboneka bwo gushyigikira bazaba bafite umwanya mwiza wo gutsinda mu bucuruzi bw’Ubushinwa burimo gutera imbere. Gukomeza gushyira imbaraga mu bucuruzi bw’ikoranabuhanga, iterambere ritangiza ibidukikije, no guhuza ibikorwa mpuzamahanga ku rwego rwo hejuru bigaragaza ko izi nzego zizakomeza kuba iz’ingenzi mu iterambere rya politiki y’ejo hazaza.
Igihe cyo kohereza: 16 Nzeri 2025
