SHENZHEN, Ukwakira. [XX] — Ubwo ikigo cyohereza ibikinisho mu mahanga gikorera i Guangzhou cyihariye mu mibare y’amafaranga yakusanyijwe cyajyaga kuri konti ya PayPal mu ntangiriro za 2025, ikigo cyahuye n’ikibazo gikomeye: \(Amafaranga 320.000 y’ibicuruzwa yari yarahagaritswe nta nteguza ibanje. Amafaranga yari agenewe kugura ibikoresho fatizo mbere y’iminsi mikuru ikomeye - yakomeje kuboneka mu gihe urubuga rwakoraga iperereza ku "kutubahiriza politiki zishobora kubaho." Iki kibazo kigaragaza ikibazo kirimo kwiyongera mu rwego rw’ibikinisho byoherezwa mu mahanga mu Bushinwa: ukwiyongera kw’amafaranga yahagaze ku ruhande rwa gatatu kwahungabanyije \) miliyari 2.8 z’ibikorwa mu gice cya mbere cya 2025, nk’uko bivugwa n’Ishyirahamwe ry’Ibikoresho by’Abana n’Abana mu Bushinwa (CTJPA). Mu gihe urubuga mpuzamahanga rwo kwishyura rukomeje kugenzura hagati y’amategeko akomeye yo kurwanya inyerezwa ry’amafaranga (AML) n’imicungire y’ibyago bishingiye kuri algorithm, abacuruzi bohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga barimo kwihatira gushyiraho ingamba nshya zo kurinda urujya n’uruza rw’amafaranga yabo.
Icyorezo cya Konje: Impamvu n'ingano y'ikibazo
Ihungabana ry’ibiciro mu 2025 riterwa n’inkubi y’umuyaga ikomeye yo gukaza amategeko n’ihungabana ry’ikoranabuhanga. Abatanga serivisi zo kwishyura ku isi nka PayPal, Stripe, na Alipay+ bashyizeho uburyo bwo kugenzura ingaruka zikomeye nyuma y’amabwiriza mashya ya Financial Action Task Force (FATF) yashyizweho mu mpera za 2024, asaba kugenzura ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi no kunoza ubushishozi ku bucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka.
Amasoko y’i Burayi yabaye imbogamizi cyane nyuma y’uko Akarere k’Uburyo bwo Kwishyura mu Makedoniya y’Amajyaruguru na Moldova kaguwe kugeza mu Ukwakira 2025, mu gihe ubusabe bwa Seribiya bwatinze kubera impungenge z’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi ku bijyanye n’urwego rwayo rwa AML. Uku gucikamo ibice kw’amategeko byatumye urubuga rwo kwishyura rukoresha uburyo bwo "gushinja kugeza igihe bigaragaye ko ari umwere", aho ibikorwa by’ibikinisho bikunze gushyirwaho kubera ubwinshi bwabyo, ihindagurika ry’ibihe, ndetse rimwe na rimwe n’isano bifitanye n’ibicuruzwa by’impimbano.
“Platforms zikoresha sisitemu zishingiye ku buhanga bwa AI zigaragaza ibikorwa bishingiye ku bipimo amagana, ariko izi algorithms zikunze kubeshya ko ibicuruzwa byemewe byoherezwa mu mahanga nk’ibifite ibyago byinshi,” ibi ni ibyasobanuwe na Michael Chen, umuyobozi ushinzwe gucunga ibyago muri XTransfer, ikigo gitanga ibisubizo byo kwishyura mu mahanga. “Twabonye ukwiyongera kwa 217% mu manza zahagaritswe ku bicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga by’Abashinwa mu 2025, aho igihe cyo gukemura ikibazo kiri hagati y’iminsi 14 muri 2023 n’iminsi 47 ubu.”
Imiyoboro yo kwishyurana imbere mu gihugu nayo irimo kugira uruhare mu kongeramo igitutu. Banki nkuru y'Ubushinwa yatangaje ko UnionPay na NetUnion bemeje ko abacuruzi 25 batubahiriza amategeko mu mezi umunani ya mbere ya 2025, bahagarika amafaranga yabo ndetse banabashyira ku rutonde rw'abatazubahiriza amasezerano mu gihe kizaza. Nubwo ubucuruzi bwinshi bwagizweho ingaruka n'amategeko bwari bufite ibibazo byemewe n'amategeko, abahanga mu nganda bavuga ko hagati ya 15-20% by'ihagarikwa ry'amasezerano rigizwe n'ibinyoma, cyane cyane mu rwego rw'ibikinisho aho 60% by'amafaranga yinjira buri mwaka yinjizwa mu biruhuko bya gatatu n'igice cya kane.
Ingaruka zihariye ku isoko n'imanza zikomeye
Ingaruka zo guhagarika kwishyura ziratandukanye cyane mu bihugu byohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga, bigatuma habaho ingorane zikomeye ku bacuruzi bo mu Bushinwa bohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga.
Muri Amerika ya Ruguru, aho yinjiza 38% by'ibikinisho byoherezwa mu mahanga mu Bushinwa, guhuza amategeko akaze yo kurengera abaguzi no gushakisha uburiganya byatumye "hagarikwa kwishyura amafaranga akoreshwa mu buryo butunguranye" byiyongeraho 189%. Uruganda rukora ibikinisho bigezweho rwo muri Yiwu rwahagaritse amadolari 180.000 nyuma y'uko umuguzi wo muri Amerika yavuze ko "atabihawe" nubwo hari ibimenyetso byakurikiranwe. Ayo mafaranga yasohotse nyuma y'inzira ihenze y'ubukemurampaka yamaze iminsi 63, bituma isosiyete isubika umusaruro w'imodoka zayo za Noheli.
Amasoko yo mu Burayi afite imbogamizi zitandukanye hakurikijwe amabwiriza mashya ya SEPA. Abatumiza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga bavuga ko ibikorwa birenga amayero 15.000 ubu bigiye gusuzumwa mu buryo bwikora, aho 12% by'amafaranga yishyurwa ashobora gufatirwa igihe kirekire. Isosiyete ya Shenzhen yoherezaga ibikinisho by'uburezi mu Budage yahagaritse amayero 240.000 muri Werurwe 2025 ubwo algorithme za platform zagaragazaga "imiterere idasanzwe y'ibikorwa by'ubucuruzi" - nyuma byatewe n'izamuka ry'ibihe mu gutumiza ibikoresho byayo bizwi cyane bya dinosaur.
Amasoko ari mu nzira zizamuka ntaho ahungira. Mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bwa Aziya, aho inzira z'ubucuruzi zidasanzwe zikunze kugaragara, guhagarika kwishyura byiyongereyeho 230% uko umwaka utashye, akenshi bigaterwa n'inyandiko zidahuye. Umucuruzi wohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga wa Guangdong yatakaje uburenganzira bwo kugera ku madolari 95.000 muri Gicurasi 2025 nyuma y'uko umufatanyabikorwa wa Maleziya akoresheje konti ye bwite aho kuba iy'ubucuruzi mu kwishyura, ibi bikaba byarateye ibendera rya AML.
Birashoboka ko ikibangamiye cyane ari imanza zifitanye isano n’amakimbirane ku mutungo bwite mu by’ubwenge. Muri Mata 2025, gasutamo ya Shanghai yafashe ibikinisho 1.800 by’impimbano bya "POP MART" byari byerekejwe mu Bubiligi. Nubwo uwo mucuruzi woherezaga ibicuruzwa mu mahanga yarengaga amategeko yahuye n’ingaruka z’amategeko, amasoko y’inganda avuga ko ubucuruzi bwinshi bwemewe n’amategeko bukoresha ibyiciro nk’ibi byagize ingwate zahagaritswe ubwo urubuga rwongeraga ibipimo by’ingaruka zabwo.
Ibisubizo by'ingamba: Kubaka sisitemu yo kwirwanaho ifite ibice byinshi
Bahanganye n'iki kibazo kigenda gikura, abashoramari b'ibikinisho bakomeye barimo gufata ingamba zihamye zihuza ingamba zo gukumira, uburyo butandukanye bwo kwishyura, no kubahiriza amategeko mbere y'uko bitangira.
Guhindura uburyo bwo kwishyura: Kugabanya kwishingikiriza kuri platform
Zhang Wei, umuyobozi ushinzwe kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga muri Alpha Group, agira ati: "Ubu buryo bwagabanyije uburyo twakoreshaga ubwo PayPal yahagarikaga imwe muri konti zacu muri Gashyantare."
Ibisubizo bishya nka "ikiraro cy'amafaranga" cyo mu Bushinwa kirimo kwiyongera. Muri Kanama 2025, ishami rya Shunde rya Banki y'Ubushinwa ryorohereje ibikorwa by'ubucuruzi by'ingenzi hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa blockchain bwo kwishyurana bushingiye ku mipaka, butuma habaho kohereza amafaranga mu buryo butaziguye kandi bukurikiranwa hagati ya banki nkuru zitabiriye. Umuyobozi w'imari mu ruganda rukora ibikinisho byo mu mujyi wa Foshan agira ati: "Ikiraro cy'amafaranga cyagabanyije ikiguzi cyacu cyo kwishyurana ku kigero cya 18% kandi cyakuyeho ingaruka zo guhagarara kw'ayo mafaranga."
Ku masoko y’i Burayi, abatumiza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga barimo gukoresha ubushobozi bwa SEPA bwo kwishyura ako kanya bwashyizweho mu 2024, butuma kohereza ibicuruzwa mu masegonda 10 mu mucyo wuzuye, bigabanya cyane amahirwe yo guhagarika ibicuruzwa.
Kunoza iyubahirizwa ry'amategeko: Inyandiko n'ubwitonzi
Abatumiza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga barimo gushora imari nyinshi mu gushimangira amabwiriza agenga iyubahirizwa ry’amategeko kugira ngo birinde guhagarika iyubahirizwa ry’amategeko. Uburyo bwiza burimo:
- Uburyo bwo kunoza KYC (Menya Umukiriya Wawe) hamwe no kugenzura impushya z'ubucuruzi z'abaguzi n'inyandiko z'imisoro
- Inyandiko zirambuye z'ibikorwa zirimo inyemezabuguzi za pro forma, inyandiko zigaragaza ko ibicuruzwa bigurishwa, n'ibyemezo by'uburenganzira bwa IP
- Gukurikirana mu buryo bwihuse kugira ngo haboneke ibimenyetso simusiga byerekana ko ibyo umuntu yatanga ari ukuri.
- Amahugurwa ahoraho y'abakozi ku bijyanye na politiki zihindagurika za platform hamwe n'ibisabwa mpuzamahanga bya AML
"Weubu komeza kubika dosiye y’amategeko kuri buri gikorwa cyakwihanganira igenzura ry’amategeko," ibi ni ibyasobanuwe na Li Jia wo muri HobbyMax. "Ubwo imwe mu myishyurire yacu yashyirwaga ahagaragara muri Kamena, twatanze inyandiko maze amafaranga asohoka mu masaha 48 aho kuba ibyumweru."
Uburyo bwo gutegura ibitaragenda neza no kugarura ubuzima
Nubwo hari ingamba zo kwirinda, guhagarara kw'indwara biracyakomeza, bigatuma ingamba zo gukira neza ziba ingenzi cyane. Uburyo bwiza burimo:
- Gushyiraho umubano utaziguye n'amatsinda ashinzwe gucunga ibyago bya platform aho kwishingikiriza gusa kuri sisitemu zikora
- Kugura ubwishingizi bw'inguzanyo z'ubucuruzi bukingira amafaranga yafunzwe (ubu butangwa na Sinosure aho abacuruzi bohereza ibikinisho mu mahanga binjiza 20% mu 2025)
- Gukorana n'ibigo by'amategeko byihariye bimenyereye inzira zo gukemura amakimbirane yo mu rwego rwo kwishyurana
- Kubungabunga ubwizigame bw'amafaranga angana na 15-20% by'ingano y'ibyoherezwa mu mahanga buri kwezi kugira ngo harebwe icyuho cy'amafaranga yinjira mu isoko
CTJPA yanatangije umurongo wa telefoni witwa "Payment Crisis Hotline" mu 2025, ufasha amasosiyete 127 agize ishyirahamwe kugaruza miliyoni 43 z'amadolari yafatiriwe binyuze mu biganiro byo kuri interineti no gukora ubuvugizi ku mategeko.
Icyerekezo cy'ejo hazaza: Kumenyera imiterere y'ibyago bihoraho
Impuguke mu nganda zivuga ko igenzura ry’ubwishyu rizarushaho kwiyongera, aho guhuza amategeko mpuzamahanga no kugenzura bishingiye ku buhanga bwa siyansi biba ibintu bihoraho mu bucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka. Sarah Lee wo muri Euromonitor agira ati: "Igihe cyo kwishyura ibikinisho byoherezwa mu mahanga nta gushyamirana kirarangiye." "Kurokoka bisaba gufata imicungire y'ibyago byo kwishyura nk'ubushobozi bw'ibanze aho kuba igitekerezo cy'inyongera."
Urebye imbere, abashora imari mu mahanga bakomeye ni abashora imari muri ibi bikurikira:
- Guhuza API hagati ya sisitemu zabo za ERP n'uburyo bwo kwishyura kugira ngo hagenzurwe ingaruka mu buryo nyabwo
- Ibisubizo by'uruhererekane rw'ibicuruzwa bishingiye kuri Blockchain bitanga inyandiko zidahinduka z'ibikorwa
- Ubufatanye bw'ingamba n'abacuruza ibicuruzwa mu masoko y'ingenzi kugira ngo byorohereze uburyo bwo kwishyura imbere mu gihugu
- Kugira uruhare mu bikorwa byo kwishyurana bihuriweho n'ibihugu byinshi nkaikiraro cy'amafarangakugabanya kwishingikiriza ku mbuga zigenga
Nk’uko umwe mu bashoramari bo mu mahanga yabivuze: “Twahinduye uburyo bwacu kuva ku ‘kwiringira ko nta guhagarara’ tukajya ku ‘guteganya igihe bizabaho.’ Ikibazo cyo mu 2025 cyarababaje, ariko gihatira inganda zacu kubaka ibikorwa remezo bikomeye byo kwishyura mu gihe kirekire.”
Kubera ko amabwiriza y’ibihe by’iminsi mikuru yamaze kwiyongera, abashoramari bo mu Bushinwa bohereza ibikinisho mu mahanga barimo gukoresha aya masomo bagezeho mu kurinda inyungu zabo. Ku nganda zubatswe ku kuzana ibyishimo ku bana ku isi yose, kumenya uburyo bwo kwishyura ku isi byabaye igice kidasanzwe ariko cy’ingenzi mu gukora ubucuruzi muri 2025.
Igihe cyo kohereza: 22 Nzeri 2025
