Izinguquko ezibalulekile zomthetho kanye nezibuyekezo zenqubomgomo zishintsha isimo sokuhweba samazwe ngamazwe saseShayina
Njengoba siqhubeka kuze kube ngu-2025, imboni yezohwebo yangaphandle yaseShayina ibone ukwethulwa kwemithethonqubo emisha eminingana ebalulekile kanye nezinqubomgomo ezihlose ukuthuthukisa uhlaka lwayo lwezomthetho, ukuthuthukisa izidingo zokuthobela imithetho, kanye nokukhuthaza ukukhula okusimeme. Lezi zinguquko zibonisa imizamo eqhubekayo yaseShayina yokuzivumelanisa nesimo sokuhweba somhlaba wonke esishintshashintshayo ngenkathi iqinisa isikhundla sayo emakethe yamazwe ngamazwe.
Ukubuyekezwa Okuphelele Komthetho Wezohwebo Lwangaphandle
Ushintsho olukhulu kakhulu lomthetho luvela ekuchitshiyelweni koMthetho Wezohwebo Lwangaphandle waseShayina, owathunyelwa eKomidini Elihlala Njalo le-National People's Congress ukuze libuyekezwe ngoSepthemba 2025. Lokhu kubuyekezwa okubanzi kuqukethe izahluko eziyi-11 nezihloko ezingama-80 ezibuyekeza ngokuphelele uhlaka lwezomthetho olukhona.
Izici ezibalulekile zoMthetho Wezohwebo Lwangaphandle obuyekeziwe zifaka:
- Izimiso Zokuphepha Kwezwe Ezithuthukisiwe: Umthetho ochitshiyelwe uhlanganisa ngokusobala "ukuvikela ubukhosi bezwe, ukuphepha, kanye nezintshisekelo zentuthuko" ezinhlosweni zawo zomthetho ngenkathi unezela izimiso ezidinga umsebenzi wokuhweba kwamanye amazwe ukuze kusebenzele intuthuko yezomnotho neyenhlalo yezwe.
- Ukuhambisana Kwezindinganiso Zomhlaba Wonke:Ukubuyekezwa ngokusemthethweni kuyala iShayina ukuthi ivumelane ngenkuthalo nemithetho yezomnotho neyezohwebo yamazwe ngamazwe esezingeni eliphezulu ngenkathi ihlanganyela kakhulu ekwenzeni imithetho yezohwebo yamazwe ngamazwe.
- Izindlela Zokuhweba Ezintsha:Lo mbhalo uphakamisa izinhlelo eziningana zokuguqula izikhungo zomthetho, okuhlanganisa uhlelo lokuphathwa kohlu lokuhweba olungenamingcele, ukusekelwa kokuthuthukisa amafomethi amasha okuhweba namamodeli, ukukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kokuhweba kwedijithali, kanye nokusheshisa izinhlelo zokuhweba okuluhlaza.
- Ukuvikelwa Kwempahla Yobuhlakani:Umthetho ochitshiyelwe ugcizelela ukuthuthukisa ukuvikelwa kwe-IP okuhlobene nokuhweba kwamanye amazwe, ukuthuthukisa amazinga okuthobela imithetho, kanye nokuqinisa amakhono okuphendula ngengozi kubaqhubi bezohwebo.
- Uhlelo Lokusiza Ukulungiswa Kwezohwebo:Indlela entsha ihlose ukuzinzisa izimboni kanye neziteshi zokuhlinzeka ngenkathi ikhuthaza izikhungo zezinsizakalo zobungcweti ukuthi zithuthukise amanethiwekhi azo ukuze zinikeze izinsizakalo ezisezingeni eliphezulu kubasebenzi bezohwebo lwangaphandle.
- Amathuluzi Okulinganisa Anwetshiwe:Umthetho obuyekeziwe ucebisa ibhokisi lamathuluzi elisemthethweni laseShayina lezingxabano zamazwe ngamazwe ngokunezela izinyathelo zokulwa. Manje uvumela ukuvimbela noma ukukhawulela imisebenzi yokuhweba yangaphandle nabantu noma izinhlangano ezibeka engcupheni ubukhosi bezwe laseShayina, ukuphepha, noma izintshisekelo zentuthuko. Uvimbela nanoma yikuphi ukwesekwa noma usizo lokugwema lezi zinyathelo zokulwa.
Izidingo Eziqinile Zesimemezelo Sokuthumela Ngaphandle
Kusukela ngomhlaka-1 kuMfumfu 2025, imithetho emisha evela kuHulumeni Wentela (Isimemezelo sika-2025 No. 17) ibeka izidingo eziqinile ezimemezelweni zokuthumela kwamanye amazwe. Le mithetho iyalela ukuthi:
- Amabhizinisi okuthumela ngaphandle kwe-proxy kumele abike ngasikhathi sinye ulwazi lwangempela lwamakhasimende kanye namanani okuthumela ngaphandle. Ukwehluleka ukuthobela imithetho kuzoholela ekuphathweni njengokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe okuzisebenzela ngokwako kanye nezibopho zentela yengeniso yebhizinisi ezihambisanayo.
- Zonke izimemezelo zentela kumele ziveze ngokunembile ulwazi lwangempela lwabanikazi bempahla, zihlose ukuqeda imikhuba "yokuthumela ngaphandle kokuthenga" kanye "nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe okuqanjwe ngegama".
- Abantu ngeke besafaneleka njengezakhamuzi zentela yokuthumela kwamanye amazwe futhi ngeke bakwazi ukuhlanganyela ezimemezelweni zebhizinisi lokuthumela kwamanye amazwe ezifanele.
Amabhizinisi angathobeli imithetho abhekene nezijeziso ezinzima, okuhlanganisa:
- Izinhlawulo ezisukela ku-5% kuya ku-30% wenani lezimpahla
- Ukwehla kwesilinganiso sesikweletu
- Isibopho sobugebengu esingaba khona ngenxa yokwephulwa okukhulu kwemithetho
Imithetho emisha inikeza iziphakamiso zokuthobela imithetho ezihlukile kumabhizinisi asezigabeni ezahlukene zentuthuko, ikhuthaza abathengisi abancane nabaphakathi ukuba bakhethe ama-ejenti asemthethweni, abathengisi abakhulayo ukuba bacabangele ukusungula izinkampani zaseHong Kong, kanye namabhizinisi avuthiwe ukuze athole amalungelo azimele okungenisa nokuthumela kwamanye amazwe.
Ukuqamba Inqubomgomo Yesifunda: Isibonelo se-Beijing E-Town
Ngale kwemithethonqubo yezinga likazwelonke, izinqubomgomo zesifunda nazo zibonisa izindlela ezishintshayo zokuhweba kwamanye amazwe. Indawo Yokuthuthukiswa Komnotho Nobuchwepheshe YaseBeijing (E-Town) yethule izinqubomgomo ezithuthukisiwe ngoSepthemba 2025:
- "Izinyathelo Ezintsha Zokuhweba Kwangaphandle 8" zimelela ukuthuthukiswa okuphelele kusuka ezinqubweni zangaphambilini, ukwandisa ukwesekwa nokuhlola izindlela zosizo ezahlukahlukene.
- Izibonelelo eziphezulu zemibukiso yaphesheya kwezilwandle, amazinga okubuyiselwa kwemali akhuphuka kusukela ku-30% kuya ku-40%.
- Imivuzo yezezimali yezinkampani ezithola i-Customs AEO Advanced Certification.
- Izimali zomshwalense wesikweletu sokuthumela ngaphandle ukuze kuncishiswe izindleko zokwandisa umhlaba wonke.
Lezi zinqubomgomo zihlose ukusiza iBeijing E-Town ukuthi itshale izinkampani ezingaphezu kwe-10 ezine-RMB engaphezu kwezigidigidi eziyi-10 ekuhwebeni kwamanye amazwe, izinkampani ezingama-30 ezine-RMB engaphezu kwezigidigidi eziyi-1, kanye nezinkampani eziyi-100 ezine-RMB engaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-100 ngo-2027.
Imiphumela Yamabhizinisi Ezohwebo Lwangaphandle
Imithethonqubo kanye nezinqubomgomo ezintsha ziletha izinselele kanye namathuba kumabhizinisi abandakanyeka ekuhwebeni kwamanye amazwe:
- Izidingo Zokuthobela Imithetho Ezithuthukisiwe:Izinkampani kumele ziqinise izinhlelo zazo zokuphatha ukuthobela imithetho, ikakhulukazi maqondana nezimemezelo zokuthumela kwamanye amazwe, ukuvikelwa kwempahla yobuhlakani, kanye nokunamathela ezimisweni ezintsha zomthetho.
- Amathuba Okusekelwa Akhuphukile:Amabhizinisi angakwazi ukusebenzisa ukwesekwa kwenqubomgomo okuhlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa uxhaso lwemibukiso, usizo lwe-premium yomshuwalense wesikweletu, kanye nemivuzo yezitifiketi zezinga eliphezulu.
- Ukuqinisekiswa Okukhulu Kwezomthetho:Ukuphakanyiswa kwezinyathelo zokuguqula eziphumelelayo ezikhungweni zomthetho kunikeza ukuzinza okwengeziwe kanye nokubikezela kokuhlela kwesikhathi eside.
- Isidingo Sobungcweti Obukhethekile:Ubunzima bemithetho emisha bukhulisa inani lezinsizakalo zobungcweti ezikhethekile ekuhambisaneni nokuhweba kwamanye amazwe, impahla yobuhlakani, kanye nokuxazulula izingxabano zomhlaba wonke.
Isiphetho
Imithethonqubo emisha yokuhweba kwamanye amazwe eyethulwa ngo-2025 imele indlela ephelele yeShayina yokuvuselela uhlaka lwayo lokuhweba ngezinselelo namathuba anamuhla. Ngokuqinisa izisekelo zomthetho, ukuthuthukisa izindlela zokuthobela imithetho, kanye nokuhlinzeka ngezinyathelo zokusekela eziqondiwe, le mithethonqubo ihlose ukudala indawo eqinile, enobulungiswa, futhi eqhubekayo yokuthuthukiswa kokuhweba kwamanye amazwe.
Njengoba amabhizinisi ezivumelanisa nalezi zinguquko, labo abavumelanisa imisebenzi yabo nezidingo ezintsha ngenkathi besebenzisa izindlela zokusekela ezitholakalayo bazoba sesimweni esihle sokuphumelela esimweni sokuhweba esishintshayo saseShayina. Ukugcizelela okuqhubekayo ekuhwebeni kwedijithali, intuthuko eluhlaza, kanye nokuhambisana kwamazwe ngamazwe okusezingeni eliphezulu kusikisela ukuthi lezi zindawo zizohlala zibalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwenqubomgomo yesikhathi esizayo.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Septhemba 16-2025
