Kudu maso Gabashin Asiya Ya Fito A Matsayin Sabuwar Tekun Shuɗi Don Fitar da Kayan Wasan Yara: Buɗe Kasuwa Mai Sauƙi da Dabaru na Wurare

Ribar Alƙaluma: Yawan Yara da Yake Ƙara Tasowa

A tsakiyar ci gaban kasuwar kayan wasan yara ta Kudu maso Gabashin Asiya, akwai fa'idar al'umma - yawan yara da ke ƙaruwa. Ƙungiyar Kasashen Kudu maso Gabashin Asiya (ASEAN) tana da jimillar yawan jama'a sama da miliyan 670, tare da sama da kashi 30% na 'yan ƙasa da shekaru 15, a cewar Sashen Yawan Jama'a na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. Ƙasashe kamar Indonesia, Philippines, da Vietnam sun yi fice a matsayin manyan injunan ci gaba.

Indonesia, ƙasar da ta fi yawan jama'a a ASEAN, tana da yara miliyan 82 'yan ƙasa da shekara 15—daidai da dukkan al'ummar Jamus. "A Jakarta da Surabaya, mun ga ƙaruwar kashi 12% a shekara-shekara a tallace-tallacen kayan wasan yara ga yara 'yan shekara 3-10, wanda kayan wasan gargajiya da na ilimi suka jagoranta," in ji Maria Tan, mai sharhi kan harkokin dillalai a babban dandalin kasuwanci ta intanet na Shopee na Indonesia. Philippines, wacce ke da matsakaicin shekaru na shekaru 25.7 (ɗaya daga cikin mafi ƙanƙanta a Asiya), ta ba da rahoton irin wannan yanayi: wani bincike da ƙungiyar kayan wasan yara ta Philippines ta gudanar a shekarar 2023 ya gano cewa kashi 68% na gidaje sun ƙara kashe kuɗi kan kayan wasan yara a cikin shekaru biyu da suka gabata, inda iyaye suka fifita abubuwan da suka haɗa nishaɗi da koyo.

A halin yanzu, Vietnam ta ga karuwar jarirai a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, inda adadin yara 'yan ƙasa da shekara 12 ya kai miliyan 18 a shekarar 2023. "Iyaye 'yan Vietnam, musamman a birane kamar Ho Chi Minh City da Hanoi, sun fi son saka hannun jari a cikin kayan wasan yara masu inganci waɗanda ke tallafawa ci gaban yara tun suna ƙanana," in ji Tran Minh Duc, Shugaba na rarraba kayan wasan yara na KidsLand Vietnam da ke Hanoi. "Wannan sauyi daga 'abubuwan wasan yara na asali' zuwa 'abubuwan wasan yara na ilimi' yana haifar da babban gibi da masu fitar da kaya daga ƙasashen waje za su iya cikewa."

Ƙarfin Siyayya Mai Ƙaruwa: Matsayin Tsakiya Yana Haifar da Faɗaɗar Kasuwa

Alƙaluma kaɗai ba sa tabbatar da ci gaba—ƙaruwar kuɗin shiga da ake iya kashewa ya mayar da buƙatar da ake da ita ta zama ainihin tallace-tallace. Ana hasashen cewa matsakaicin matsakaicin yankin kudu maso gabashin Asiya zai kai ga mutane miliyan 334 nan da shekarar 2030, daga miliyan 190 a shekarar 2020, a cewar Bankin Duniya. Wannan rukunin, wanda aka ayyana a matsayin gidaje da ke samun kuɗi 100 a kowace rana, yana sake fasalin tsarin amfani da kayayyaki, gami da kayan wasan yara.

A Malaysia, inda matsakaicin matsayi ke wakiltar kashi 45% na yawan jama'a, kashe kuɗin wasan yara ga kowane mutum ya kai (38 a 2023) - sau uku a 2015, kamar yadda bayanai daga Ƙungiyar Masana'antun Kayan Yara ta Malaysia suka nuna. "Iyaye a nan yanzu suna neman kayan wasa masu alama, kamar waɗanda aka yi da LEGO ko Hasbro, amma kuma suna son kayayyakin da ke nuna al'adun gida," in ji Lim Mei Ling, mai siyan kayan wasa a AEON Mall na Malaysia. Duk da cewa Singapore ƙarama ce, kasuwa ce mai daraja: kashe kuɗin kayan wasa ga kowane mutum ya kai kashi 38 cikin ɗari.

85 a shekarar 2023, mafi girma a kudu maso gabashin Asiya, tare da kayan wasan yara na ilimi masu inganci da kayan tattarawa waɗanda ke haifar da tallace-tallace.

Kasuwancin Intanet ya ƙara faɗaɗa wannan ci gaban. Dandamali kamar Shopee, Lazada, da TikTok Shop yanzu sun kai kashi 45% na tallace-tallacen kayan wasan yara a Kudu maso Gabashin Asiya, daga kashi 22% a shekarar 2019, a cewar wani rahoto da Momentum Works ta fitar. "A lokacin taron tallace-tallace na 11.11 da muka yi a bara, tallace-tallacen kayan wasan yara a Shopee Indonesia ya tashi da kashi 210% idan aka kwatanta da shekarar da ta gabata," in ji Tan. "Iyaye yanzu za su iya samun damar yin amfani da kayan wasan yara daga samfuran ƙasashen duniya waɗanda a da ake samu a manyan kantuna ne kawai a manyan birane."

Kamfanonin China: Lashe Kasuwa ta hanyar Tsarin Yanayi

Masu fitar da kayan wasan yara na kasar Sin, wadanda suka daɗe suna taka rawa a masana'antar duniya, suna amfani da ƙarfin masana'antarsu da ƙarfinsu don kama tekun kudu maso gabashin Asiya—tare da tsarin zama a matsayin babbar dabarar su. Ba kamar hanyoyin farko na kawai fitar da kayayyaki na yau da kullun ba, kamfanonin kasar Sin yanzu suna tsara zane-zane bisa ga al'adun gida, tare da haɗin gwiwar IP na al'adu yana bayyana a matsayin abin da ke canza abubuwa.

Kamfanin Alpha Group da ke Shenzhen, wani babban kamfanin kera kayan wasan yara na kasar Sin, ya bayar da misali mai kyau. A shekarar 2022, Alpha ta yi hadin gwiwa da shahararren shirin zane mai suna Upin & Ipin na Malaysia—wanda ya biyo bayan kasadar tagwaye biyu—don kaddamar da jerin kayan wasan yara masu kyau, jarumai masu aiki, da wasannin ilimi. Haɗin gwiwar ya kasance abin burgewa nan take: cikin watanni shida, tallace-tallacen kayan wasan yara masu alamar Upin & Ipin sun kai dala miliyan 4.2 a Malaysia, wanda ya kai kashi 18% na jimillar kudaden shiga na Alpha a Kudu maso Gabashin Asiya a wannan shekarar. "Mun fahimci cewa IPs da suka samo asali daga al'adun gida sun fi na duniya baki daya muni," in ji Zhang Wei, manajan yanki na Alpha Group na Kudu maso Gabashin Asiya. "Kusan kowanne yaro dan Malaysia yana son Upin & Ipin, don haka hada hotonsu da kayan wasan yara masu inganci ya dace da dabi'a."

Wani kamfanin kasar Sin, Auldey Toys da ke Guangzhou, ya mayar da hankali kan Vietnam. A shekarar 2023, Auldey ta hada kai da tashar talabijin ta yara ta kasar Vietnam VTV7 don samar da layin kayan wasa bisa ga Chú Chó Đen (Black Dog), wani abin kwaikwayo na gida da aka fi so. Layin ya hada da tubalan gini, wasanin gwada ilimi, da motoci masu sarrafawa daga nesa, duk suna dauke da bakar fata mai ban mamaki na Chú Chó Đen da kuma yanayin wasan kwaikwayo. "A cikin watanni uku da kaddamarwa, mun sayar da sama da na'urori 100,000 a Vietnam," in ji Li Jia, darektan kasuwar Auldey a Vietnam. "Mun kuma daidaita girman kayan wasan da kayan don dacewa da abubuwan da ake so a yankin - misali, amfani da filastik mai dorewa don jure wa wasan kwaikwayo, wanda iyayen Vietnam ke daraja."

Bayan haɗin gwiwar IP, kamfanonin China suna kuma tsara ayyukan samfura da farashi. Misali, yawancin masu yin kayan wasan yara na China yanzu suna samar da kayan wasan yara masu araha (tsakanin (5-20) ga gidaje masu matsakaicin matsayi a Indonesia da Philippines, inda farashin ke ci gaba da hauhawa. Wasu kamfanoni ma sun kafa ƙungiyoyin ƙira na gida: Haier Toys, wani reshe na Haier Group na China, ya buɗe cibiyar ƙira a Bangkok a shekarar 2022 don ƙirƙirar kayan wasan yara waɗanda ke nuna al'adun Thai - kamar 'yan tsana sanye da kayan gargajiya na Thai na chut da wasannin allo bisa ga tatsuniyoyi na gargajiya na Thai.

Hasashen: Damammaki da Kalubale a Gaba

Duk da cewa kasuwar kayan wasan yara ta Kudu maso Gabashin Asiya tana da babban alhaki, har yanzu akwai ƙalubale. Gasar gida tana ƙara ƙarfi: a Thailand, misali, samfuran gida kamar Toy Place sun mamaye kashi 30% na kasuwa ta hanyar bayar da kayayyaki masu rahusa, masu dacewa da al'ada. Akwai kuma cikas ga ƙa'idoji, kamar harajin shigo da kaya daga Indonesia akan kayan wasan yara da aka gama (har zuwa kashi 15%) da kuma tsauraran ƙa'idojin tsaro na Vietnam ga kayayyakin yara.

Duk da haka, ƙwararrun masana'antu suna da kyakkyawan fata. "Kasuwar kayan wasan yara ta Kudu maso Gabashin Asiya har yanzu tana cikin matakanta na farko - akwai isasshen sarari don ci gaba, musamman yayin da birane da shiga cikin dijital ke zurfafa," in ji Sarah Lee, babbar mai sharhi a Euromonitor International. "Ga kamfanonin China, mabuɗin nasarar dogon lokaci zai kasance ci gaba da ba da fifiko ga yankuna, ba kawai a cikin ƙira ba har ma a cikin rarrabawa da tallatawa. Waɗanda za su iya gina aminci tare da masu amfani da gida ta hanyar fahimtar al'adu da inganci za su yi nasara."

Yayin da yaran yankin ke girma kuma matsakaicin aji ke faɗaɗa, matsayin Kudu maso Gabashin Asiya a matsayin wani yanki na duniya da ake fitar da kayan wasan yara masu launin shuɗi zai ƙarfafa—wanda zai samar da sabon babi na ci gaba ga masana'antun da ke son daidaitawa da buƙatunsu na musamman.